A/D conversion circuit, and solid-state image pickup apparatus

ABSTRACT

Provided is an ADC in which a plurality of pixel signals input through a vertical signal line of a solid-state image pickup apparatus are held in advance using some capacitors among a plurality of capacitors within the ADC. A potential of a node is generated by the respective pixel signals held in the capacitors. Thereafter, the potential of the node is changed by changing the voltages of counter electrodes of the capacitors, and the digital values of the pixel signals are generated by comparing the potential of the node with a predetermined potential.

This is a Continuation of application Ser. No. 14/382,126 filed Aug. 29,2014, which in turn is a National Phase of International PatentApplication No. PCT/JP2013/055654 filed Mar. 1, 2013, which claimspriority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-045858 filed Mar. 1,2012 and Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-045859 filed Mar. 1, 2012.The disclosure of the prior applications are hereby incorporated byreference herein in their entireties.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a solid-state image pickup apparatus.

BACKGROUND

In recent years, video cameras and electronic cameras have becomewidespread. As these cameras, CCD-type and CMOS-type image pickupapparatuses (solid-state image pickup apparatuses) are used. TheCMOS-type image pickup apparatus refers to an apparatus that guidessignal charge accumulated in a light-receiving pixel to a controlelectrode of a MOS transistor provided in a pixel unit and outputs anamplified signal from a main electrode.

When a dynamic range of a pixel signal is expanded in a CMOS sensor(CMOS-type solid-state image pickup apparatus), a method may be used ofenlarging the dynamic range by synthesizing a central pixel and aplurality of pixels in the vicinity of the central pixel. For example,as shown in an example of image weighting of FIG. 18, a pixel R1, apixel R2, and a pixel R3 of the same color may be weighted and added up.That is, the dynamic range of a signal with respect to a noise may beimproved by weighting and adding up (adding up at a fixed ratio) therespective signals levels of a signal Sig1 output through a verticalsignal line VL from the pixel R1, a signal Sig2 output through thevertical signal line VL from the pixel R2, and a signal Sig3 outputthrough the vertical signal line VL from the pixel R3.

For example, when the signal level of the signal Sig1 output from thepixel R1 is set to Sig1, the signal level of the signal Sig2 output fromthe pixel R2 is set to Sig2, and the signal level of the signal Sig3output from the pixel R3 is set to Sig3, the weighting addition isperformed with “weighting addition value=Sig1+2×Sig2+Sig3” or the like.

Meanwhile, when such a weighting addition is performed, a method is usedof converting the output signals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3, which are outputfrom the respective pixels R1, R2, and R3, to digital data (digitalvalues) by an A/D conversion circuit (ADC) within a solid-state imagepickup apparatus 1A (within a chip) or an A/D conversion circuitprovided outside the apparatus and performing weighting addition usingthe pixel signals converted to the digital values.

This is for the purpose of temporarily converting the signals Sig1,Sig2, and Sig3 to the digital data and storing the signals in a memoryor the like and then performing the weighting addition by using thedigital values stored in the memory or the like, because the signalsSig1, Sig2, and Sig3 output from the vertical signal line VL are outputin time series without being simultaneously output from the verticalsignal line VL.

Meanwhile, there is a related solid-state image pickup apparatus (seePatent Document 1). The solid-state image pickup apparatus disclosed inPatent Document 1 is aimed at providing a solid-state image pickupapparatus including an ADC capable of being disposed in a limited space.In the solid-state image pickup apparatus, signals of pixels outputthrough a vertical read-out line are held as potentials in a node, and aplurality of capacitors are capacitively coupled to the node holding thesignals of the pixels. Voltages of counter electrodes of the pluralityof capacitors are sequentially switched by controlling a transistor,thereby lowering the potential of the node in a step shape (that is, ina stepwise manner or in a slope shape). A comparator compares thepotential of the node with the potentials of the pixels in a dark state,and determines a high-order bit of a digital value when the potential ofthe node becomes lower. Subsequently, the conversion of a low-order bitof the digital value is started.

In addition, there is a related image pickup apparatus (see PatentDocument 2). The image pickup apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 2is aimed at realizing linearity suited to characteristics of the humaneye as much as possible without dynamically changing an accumulationperiod of a solid-state image pickup element in the image pickupapparatus, and achieving the expansion of a dynamic range. In the imagepickup apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 2, a sensor chip outputsimage pickup signals in parallel, which are read out from a pixel unit aplurality of times within one frame period, to an N channel within anexposure period shorter than an existing one frame period which isdetermined as a standard. A frame memory accumulates the image pickupsignals corresponding to a plurality of frames. A frame addition circuitadds up signals of a plurality of frames read out from the frame memoryto thereby create signals corresponding to a standard one frame. Thus,the dynamic range can be set to the square of N at most.

RELATED ART DOCUMENTS Patent Documents

[Patent Document 1] Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, FirstPublication No. 2010-239604

[Patent Document 2] Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, FirstPublication No. 2009-239398

SUMMARY OF INVENTION Problems to be Solved by the Invention

As described above, as a method of expanding a dynamic range of a pixelsignal in a CMOS-type solid-state image pickup apparatus, a method isused of performing an A/D (analog/digital) conversion process on a pixelsignal output from a pixel by using an A/D conversion circuit providedwithin the image pickup apparatus or provided outside the apparatus andthen performing weighting addition by using the pixel signals convertedinto digital values.

FIG. 19 is a diagram showing an example of the above-described A/Dconversion circuit that converts pixel signals to digital values, and isa diagram showing the configuration of an ordinary A/D conversioncircuit. In the A/D conversion circuit shown in FIG. 19, a PGA(amplifier) 11 and an A/D conversion circuit (ADC) 12C have the sameconfiguration as that of the solid-state image pickup apparatusdisclosed in Patent Document 1. The circuit shown in FIG. 19 isconfigured such that the integral-type ADC 12C is connected to a latterpart of the PGA 11, and the PGA 11 and the ADC 12C are provided for eachvertical signal line VL of each column in the solid-state image pickupapparatus.

In the ADC 12C, a dark signal Vdark is initially read and is held in acapacitor C10 connected to an input terminal (−) of a comparator CP1.Then, a pixel signal is read from the PGA 11, and a voltage level of thepixel signal is held in a node Vcm. The voltage of the node Vcm ischanged by changing the potential of the counter electrode of thecapacitor C, and the voltage of the node Vcm is compared with thevoltage (a dark potential Vdark) accumulated in the capacitor C10 byusing the comparator CP1, thereby performing A/D conversion. Meanwhile,during the A/D conversion, an A/D conversion process of the pixel signalis performed at high speed by determining high-order bits (for example,high-order 3 bits) of the digital value of the pixel signal by coarseconversion and determining low-order bits (for example, low-order 12bits) of pixel information by fine conversion (see details of PatentDocument 1).

When weighting addition is performed on the output signals Sig1, Sig2,and Sig3 of the pixels R1, R2, and R3 of the same color shown in FIG.18, a method is used of amplifying the individual signals Sig1, Sig2,and Sig3 by using a PGA, converting the amplified pixel signals todigital data (digital values) by using the ADC 12C and temporarilystoring the converted data in a memory, and performing weightingaddition using the digital values stored in the memory.

However, in the method of performing weighting addition by using thepixel data converted to the digital values, the addition is performed toinclude an error occurring when the pixel signal is amplified by the PGAor a conversion error occurring when A/D conversion is performed on animage signal, as it is. For example, an error caused by noise and aresponse lag which occur at the time of amplifying the pixel signal bythe PGA, and a conversion error and a quantization error which arecaused by noise (for example, noise occurring due to a transfer switch)which occurs within the ADC 12C are added up as is during the weightingaddition. For this reason, it is desired to provide a method capable ofperforming weighting addition on the pixel signals without including anerror occurring when the pixel signals are amplified by the PGA or aconversion error and a quantization error which occur at the time ofconverting the pixel signals to digital values (digital data).

An object according to an aspect of the present invention is to provide,when weighting addition is performed on a plurality of pixel signalsoutput through a vertical signal line of the solid-state image pickupapparatus, an A/D conversion circuit and a solid-state image pickupapparatus including the A/D conversion circuit which are capable ofperforming the weighting addition without including a conversion error(a conversion error and a quantization error caused by noise components)which occurs at the time of performing A/D conversion.

In addition, an object of another aspect of the present invention is toprovide, when weighting addition is performed on a plurality of pixelsignals output from a vertical signal line of a solid-state image pickupapparatus, a solid-state image pickup apparatus which is capable ofperforming the weighting addition without including an error (errorcaused by noise and a response lag) which occurs at the time ofamplifying the pixel signals by an amplifier and an error (a conversionerror and a quantization error caused by noise) which occurs at the timeof performing A/D conversion on the pixel signals.

Means for Solving the Problem

An A/D conversion circuit according to an aspect of the presentinvention includes a plurality of capacitive elements that arecapacitively coupled to a node to which a pixel signal is input througha vertical signal line of a solid-state image pickup apparatus; a pixelsignal holding unit that holds in advance a plurality of pixel signalsinput through the vertical signal line, using some of the plurality ofcapacitive elements; a node potential generation unit that generates apotential of the node by synthesizing the pixel signals held in some ofthe capacitive elements; and a control unit that changes the potentialof the node by changing voltages of counter electrodes of the pluralityof capacitive elements, and generates digital values of the pixelsignals by comparing the potential of the node with a predeterminedpotential.

A solid-state image pickup apparatus according to another aspect of thepresent invention includes a vertical signal line that outputs pixelsignals of a selected row among a plurality of light-receiving pixels,which are disposed in a matrix, for each column; a signal synthesis unitthat temporarily holds the pixel signals output from the vertical signalline in units of a predetermined number of pixel signals, andsynthesizes and outputs one pixel signal from the plurality of heldpixel signals; and an amplifier that amplifies the synthesized pixelsignals output from the signal synthesis unit.

Advantage of the Invention

In the A/D conversion circuit according to the aspect of the presentinvention, a plurality of pixel signals input through a vertical signalline of a solid-state image pickup apparatus are held in advance usingsome of a plurality of capacitors within the A/D conversion circuit, anda potential of a node is generated by the pixel signals held in some ofthe capacitors. The potential of the node is changed by changing thevoltage of a counter electrode of the capacitor, and the digital valueof the pixel signal is generated by comparing the potential of the nodewith a predetermined potential. Thus, in the A/D conversion circuitaccording to an aspect of the present invention, when weighting additionis performed on the plurality of pixel signals input through thevertical signal line of the solid-state image pickup apparatus, it ispossible to perform the weighting addition without including aconversion error (a conversion error and a quantization error due tonoise components) which occurs when A/D conversion is performed.

In the solid-state image pickup apparatus according to the aspect of thepresent invention, a signal synthesis unit is provided between avertical signal line of the solid-state image pickup apparatus and anamplifier that amplifies pixel signals output from the vertical signalline, the signal synthesis unit temporarily holding the plurality ofpixel signals sequentially output from the vertical signal line andsynthesizing one pixel signal from the plurality of held pixel signals.

Thus, when weighting addition is performed on the plurality of pixelsignals output from the vertical signal line of the solid-state imagepickup apparatus, it is possible to perform weighting addition withoutincluding an error (error caused by noise and a response lag) whichoccurs at the time of amplifying the pixel signals by an amplifier andan error (a conversion error and a quantization error due to noise)which occurs when A/D conversion is performed on the pixel signals.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a solid-state image pickup apparatus.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the configuration of a pixel circuit.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the configuration of an A/D conversioncircuit (ADC) according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a timing diagram illustrating an operation in a case without aweighting addition operation.

FIG. 5 is a timing diagram illustrating an operation in a case with aweighting addition operation.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the configuration of an A/D conversioncircuit according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a timing diagram illustrating an operation (operation withweighting addition) of an ADC shown in FIG. 6.

FIG. 8 is a timing diagram illustrating an operation (operation withoutweighting addition) of the ADC shown in FIG. 6.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the configuration of an A/D conversioncircuit according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a timing diagram illustrating an operation of the ADC shownin FIG. 9.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the configuration of a solid-state imagepickup apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the configuration of a weighting additioncircuit.

FIG. 13 is a timing diagram illustrating an operation (with weightingaddition) of a weighting addition circuit.

FIG. 14 is a timing diagram illustrating an operation (without weightingaddition) of a weighting addition circuit.

FIG. 15A is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of asolid-state image pickup apparatus according to a fifth embodiment ofthe present invention.

FIG. 15B is a diagram showing another example of the configuration ofthe solid-state image pickup apparatus according to the fifth embodimentof the present invention.

FIG. 16A is a diagram showing a modified example of the fifthembodiment.

FIG. 16B is a diagram showing another modified example of the fifthembodiment.

FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the configuration of a solid-state imagepickup apparatus according to a sixth embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an example of image weighting.

FIG. 19 is a diagram showing the configuration of an ordinary A/Dconversion circuit.

DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described withreference to the accompanying drawings.

First Embodiment

FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a CMOS-type solid-state image pickupapparatus. As shown in FIG. 1, a solid-state image pickup apparatus 1includes a pixel unit 2 which is constituted by a plurality of pixels PXdisposed two-dimensionally, a vertical scanning circuit 3, a horizontalscanning circuit 4, vertical signal lines VL which are providedcorresponding to the respective columns of the pixels PX and aresupplied with pixel signals of the pixels PX of the correspondingcolumn, programmable-gain amplifiers (PGAs) connected to the respectivevertical signal lines VL, and A/D conversion circuits (ADCs) thatperform analog/digital (A/D) conversion on signals output from the PGAs.Meanwhile, the number of pixels PX is 6×4 (six rows and four columns) inthe example shown in FIG. 1, but is not limited thereto. In FIG. 1, thepixel PX shown by sign Gr is a pixel that detects Gr (green), the pixelPX shown by sign R is a pixel that detects R (red), and the pixel PXshown by sign B is a pixel that detects B (blue). In this manner, thepixels detecting Gr (green), the pixels detecting R (red), and thepixels detecting B (blue) are alternately arranged in the pixel unit 2.Meanwhile, the configuration of the pixel PX (circuit configuration) isequivalent to the configuration shown in FIG. 2 (described later indetail).

Description of Pixel Circuit

Next, the pixels PX constituting the pixel unit within the CMOS-typesolid-state image pickup apparatus will be briefly described. FIG. 2 isa diagram showing the configuration of a pixel circuit, and is a circuitdiagram showing one pixel PX, one vertical signal line VL, and oneconstant current source TD.

The pixel circuit shown in FIG. 2 includes a photodiode PD as aphotoelectric conversion unit, a floating diffusion FD as an electricalcharge voltage conversion unit that receives electrical charge andconverts the electrical charge to a voltage, a reset transistor RST thatresets a potential of the floating diffusion FD, a selection transistorSEL that supplies a signal corresponding to the potential of thefloating diffusion FD to the vertical signal line VL, a transmissiontransistor TX as an electrical charge transmission unit that transmitselectrical charge to the floating diffusion FD from the photodiode PD,and an amplification transistor SF as an amplification unit that outputsthe signal corresponding to the potential of the floating diffusion FD.

In FIG. 2, VDD is a power supply potential. Meanwhile, all thetransistors SF, TX, RST, and SEL of the pixel PX are nMOS transistors. Agate of the transmission transistor TX is connected in common for eachrow, and is supplied with a control signal φTX for controlling thetransmission transistor TX from the vertical scanning circuit 3. A gateof the reset transistor RST is connected in common for each row, and issupplied with a control signal φRST for controlling the reset transistorRST from the vertical scanning circuit 3 (see FIG. 1). A gate of theselection transistor SEL is connected in common for each row, and issupplied with a control signal φSEL for controlling the selectiontransistor SEL from the vertical scanning circuit 3.

The photodiode PD of each pixel PX generates signal electrical charge inaccordance with the amount of incident light (subject light). Thetransmission transistor TX of each pixel PX is turned on during a highlevel period of the control signal φTX and transmits electrical chargeof the photodiode PD to the floating diffusion FD. The reset transistorRST is turned on during a high level period (period of the power supplypotential VDD) of the control signal φRST and resets the floatingdiffusion FD.

In the amplification transistor SF, the drain thereof is connected tothe power supply potential VDD, the gate thereof is connected to thefloating diffusion FD, and the source thereof is connected to a drain ofthe selection transistor SEL. A source of the selection transistor SELis connected to the vertical signal line VL. The constant current sourceTD applies a current to the vertical signal line VL when the selectiontransistor SEL of the pixel PX corresponding to the vertical signal lineVL is turned on.

The amplification transistor SF of each pixel PX outputs a voltage tothe vertical signal line VL through the selection transistor SEL inaccordance with a voltage value of the floating diffusion FD. Theselection transistor SEL is turned on during a high level period of thecontrol signal φSEL, and connects a source of the amplificationtransistor SF to the vertical signal line VL.

Description of Outline of A/D Conversion Circuit of First Embodiment

Next, an outline of the A/D conversion circuit (ADC 12) of a firstembodiment will be described. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing theconfiguration of an A/D conversion circuit according to the embodimentof the present invention. The circuit shown in FIG. 3 is connected to anintegral-type ADC 12 of a latter part of a PGA 11. The PGA 11 and theADC 12 are provided for each vertical signal line VL of each column inthe solid-state image pickup apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1.

Operations of the PGA 11 and the ADC 12 are controlled by a control unit21. The control unit 21 controls the turn-on and turn-off(connection/open) (that is, switching between an electrical conductionstate and a non-electrical conduction state) of switches within the PGA11 and the ADC 12, and supplies signals (VRT, VRB, VRAMP, and the like)which are used within the ADC 12. In addition, the control unit 21includes a coarse conversion control unit 22 controlling an operation ofprocessing coarse conversion performed within the ADC 12 and a fineconversion control unit 23 controlling an operation of processing fineconversion.

In addition, the control unit 21 includes a counter 24 used at the timeof performing coarse conversion and fine conversion processes, and aregister that holds digital data obtained as a result of A/D conversion.Meanwhile, the counter 24 includes a 3-bit counter 24A for calculatingthe value of high-order 3 bits used for coarse conversion at the time ofconverting the pixel signals to digital values at resolution of 14 bits,and a 12-bit counter 24B for calculating the value of low-order 12 bitsused for fine conversion (the coarse conversion and the fine conversionwill be described later).

The configuration of the ADC 12 shown in FIG. 3 is different from thatof the ordinary ADC 12C shown in FIG. 19 in that switches S9, S10, S11,S12, and S13 are additionally added to capacitors C1 to C4. Furtherdifferences in configuration therebetween are in that the switch S13 isadded to a node Vcm and in that the node Vcm and a node Vcm′ can beselectively connected to each other. The other configurations aresubstantially the same as those of the ADC 12C shown in FIG. 19. Forthis reason, the corresponding components of both the ADCs are denotedby the same reference numerals and signs. Meanwhile, in a state whereall the switches S9, S10, S11, S12, and S13 are set to be steadilyturned on (connected) in the ADC 12 shown in FIG. 3, the ADC 12 shown inFIG. 3 can execute the same function as the ordinary ADC 12C shown inFIG. 19.

The switch S9 is a switch for holding a pixel signal Sig1 in thecapacitor C1. The switches S10 and S11 are switches for holding a pixelsignal Sig2 in the capacitors C2 and C3, respectively. The switch S12 isa switch for holding a pixel signal Sig3 in the capacitor C4. Forexample, when the switch S9 is turned on (but the switches S10, S11,S12, and S13 are turned off (opened)) in a state where the pixel signalSig1 is input to the node Vcm, electrical charge is charged into thecapacitor C1 by the pixel signal Sig1 through the switch S9, and thepixel signal Sig1 is held in the capacitor C1.

The weighting addition is performed on the signals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3by sequentially charging the capacitors C1, C2, C3, and C4 by thesignals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3, respectively, and simultaneously turningon the switches S9 to S12 (but turning off the switch S13), and thengenerating a potential on the node Vcm. The ratio between weightingvalues at this time is determined by the capacitance ratio between thecapacitor C1, the capacitors C2 and C3, and the capacitor C4.

Here, the capacitances of the capacitors C1, C2, C3, and C4 are set toC1, C2, C3, and C4, and the voltage levels of the signals Sig1, Sig2,and Sig3 are set to Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3. Then, in this example, anelectrical charge Q1 held in the capacitor C1 with respect to the signalSig1 satisfies the relationship of Q1=C1×Sig1.

Since the capacitors C2 and C3 are connected to each other in parallel,an electrical charge Q2 held in the capacitors C2 and C3 with respect tothe signal Sig2 satisfies the relationship of Q2=(C2+C3)×Sig2.

An electrical charge Q3 held in the capacitor C4 with respect to thesignal Sig3 satisfies the relationship of Q3=C4×Sig2.

Accordingly, a total amount Qtotal of electrical charge held incapacitors C1, C2, C3, and C4 satisfies the relationship ofQtotal=C1×Sig1+(C2+C3)×Sig2+C4×Sig3.

In addition, since the capacitors C1, C2, C3, and C4 are connected toeach other in parallel, a total capacitance Ctotal of the capacitors C1,C2, C3, and C4 satisfies the relationship of Ctotal=C1+(C2+C3)+C4.

Accordingly, when the potential of the node Vcm is represented by Vcm ina case where the switches S9, S10, S11, and S12 are simultaneouslyturned on and the switch S13 is turned off, the relationship ofVcm=Qtotal/(C1+C2+C3+C4) is established.

Here, when the relationship of C1=C2=C3=C4=C is established, therelationship of Qtotal=C×Sig1+2×C×Sig2+C×Sig3 is established.

Accordingly, since the relationship of Vcm=Qtotal/Ctotal is established,the relationship of Vcm={C×Sig1+2×C×Sig2+C×Sig3}/(4×C) is established.

Therefore, the relationship of Vcm={Sig1+2×Sig2+Sig3}/4 is established.

In this manner, it is possible to perform weighting addition on thesignals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3 at the ratio of “1:2:1”.

As described above, in the ADC 12 shown in FIG. 3, weighting addition isperformed on the pixel signals output from the PGA 11 in a state ofanalog signals to thereby generate a potential in the node Vcm, and A/Dconversion is performed on the potential generated in the node Vcm. Forthis reason, when the weighting addition is performed on the pixelsignals output from the PGA 11, it is possible to perform the weightingaddition using the analog signals without generating a conversion error(for example, an error caused by the influence of noise and aquantization error) which occurs in the ADC 12.

In FIG. 3, since the weighting addition is performed using thecapacitors C1 to C4 for coarse conversion which are provided within theADC 12, it is possible to perform the weighting addition using theanalog signals without increasing a layout area.

Meanwhile, in the above description, an example is shown in which theratio between the weighting values is set to “1:2:1” by allocating onecapacitor C1, two capacitors C2 and C3, and one capacitor C4 to three ofthe pixel signals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3, respectively, but the presentinvention is not limited thereto. For example, the ratio between theweighting additions can be set to a desired ratio such as “1:3:1”,“1:5:1”, or “2:3:3” (but the number of capacitors C1 to C8 provided forcoarse conversion is not limited). Further, it is also possible toperform averaging on three of the pixel signals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3 bysetting the ratio between the weighting values to “1:1:1”.

In addition, the number of pixel signals to be subjected to weightingaddition is not limited to three. It is also possible to performweighting addition on five pixel signals or seven pixel signals(basically an odd number of signals) (but the number of capacitors C1 toC8 provided for coarse conversion is limited).

Description of Configuration of ADC 12 Having Weighting AdditionFunction

Next, the configuration of the ADC 12 shown in FIG. 3 will be describedin detail. The ADC 12 is an integral-type A/D conversion circuit havinga weighting addition function. The ADC 12 reads pixel signals outputfrom the vertical signal line VL of the solid-state image pickupapparatus through the PGA 11 and performs A/D conversion on the pixelsignals.

The PGA 11 includes a differential amplifier (AM1), a switch PGA_AZ, acapacitor C11, and a variable capacitor C12. A reference voltage VREF isconnected to a positive (+) input of the differential amplifier AM1, andan input of the pixel signal is connected to a negative (−) inputthereof through the capacitor C11. An output of the differentialamplifier AM1 is connected to the variable capacitor C12 and the switchPGA_AZ for negative feedback and is connected to a switch SPL within theADC 12. In addition, a gain of the PGA 11 can be changed by the variablecapacitor C12. The gain of the PGA 11 is switched in accordance with anISO sensitivity (for example, ISO 100 and ISO 200). Meanwhile, a maximumvalue of the signal output from the PGA 11 is, for example, +1 V. Thenumerical value is an example, and the present invention is not limitedthereto.

The ADC 12 includes switches SPL and TSW. In addition, the ADC 12includes capacitors C1 to C8, switches S1 a, S1 b to S8 a, S8 b, S9 toS13, and SX, and a comparator CP1. Meanwhile, the switches SPL and TSWand the switches S1 a, S1 b to S8 a, S8 b, S9 to S13, and SX areindicated by signs of contact-type switches, but can be actuallyconstituted by, for example, a MOS transistor or a semiconductor switch.

The amplified pixel signal output from the PGA 11 is connected to apositive (+) input of the comparator CP1 through the switch SPL and theswitch S13. In addition, an output of the comparator CP1 is connected toa negative (−) input of the comparator CP1 through the switch ADC_AZ,and the capacitor C10 holding information (dark potential Vdark) in adark state of the pixel is connected thereto.

The capacitors C1 to C8 are capacitors having the same capacitance. Thecapacitors C1 to C8 are capacitively coupled to the node Vcm and thenode Vcm′. In coarse conversion to be described later, the switches S1a, S1 b to S8 a, and S8 b connected to the capacitors are sequentiallyswitched (for example, the switch S1 a is turned off, and the switch S1b is turned on). As a result, the voltages of counter electrodes of thecapacitors C1 to C8 are switched between the signal VRT and the signalVRB, and it is determined which of eight ranges the potential of thenode Vcm belongs to. Meanwhile, the signal VRT is a signal of, forexample, +2 V, and the signal VRT is a signal of, for example, +1 V(meanwhile, the voltage of the signal VRT may be indicated by the samesign VRT, and the voltage of the signal VRB may be indicated by the samesign VRB). As will be described later, a signal (VRT−VRB) having anamplitude of 1 V (corresponding to an output voltage 1 V of the PGA 11)is generated by the signals VRT and VRB. Meanwhile, the above-describedpotential Vdark is substantially 0 V.

As shown in FIG. 3, one end of the capacitor C1 is connected to the nodeVcm (the potential of the node Vcm may be indicated by the same signVcm) through the switch S9. In addition, the other end of the capacitorC1 is connected to the signal line VRT (the signal line of the signalVRT) through the switch S1 a, and is also connected to the signal lineVRB (the signal line of the signal VRB) through the switch S1 b.

In addition, one end of the capacitor C2 is connected to the node Vcmthrough the switch S10. The other end of the capacitor C2 is connectedto the signal line VRT through the switch S2 a, and is also connected tothe signal line VRB through the switch S2 b.

In addition, one end of the capacitor C3 is connected to the node Vcmthrough the switch S11. The other end of the capacitor C3 is connectedto the signal line VRT through the switch S3 a, and is also connected tothe signal line VRB through the switch S3 b. Meanwhile, the switch S11and the switch S10 are switches which are simultaneously turned on oroff.

In addition, one end of the capacitor C4 is connected to the node Vcmthrough the switch S12. The other end of the capacitor C4 is connectedto the signal line VRT through the switch S4 a, and is also connected tothe signal line VRB through the switch S4 b.

In addition, one end of the capacitor C5 is connected to the node Vcm′.The other end of the capacitor C5 is connected to the signal line VRTthrough the switch S5 a, and is also connected to the signal line VRBthrough the switch S5.

In addition, one end of the capacitor C6 is connected to the node Vcm′.The other end of the capacitor C6 is connected to the signal line VRTthrough the switch S6 a, and is also connected to the signal line VRBthrough the switch S6 b.

In addition, one end of the capacitor C7 is connected to the node Vcm′.The other end of the capacitor C7 is connected to the signal line VRTthrough the switch S7 a, and is also connected to the signal line VRBthrough the switch S7 b.

In addition, one end of the capacitor C8 is connected to the node Vcm′.The other end of the capacitor C8 is connected to the signal line VRTthrough the switch S8 a, and is also connected to the signal line VRBthrough the switch S8 b. Further, the other end of the capacitor C8 isalso connected to the signal line VRAMP through the switch SX.

The node Vcm and the node Vcm′ are connected to each other by the switchS13, and the node Vcm and the node Vcm′ are selectively set to be in aconnected state or an opened (disconnected) state through the switchS13.

The ADC 12 shown in FIG. 3 sets the switches S9 to S13 to be steadily inan ON state and thus operates as an ordinary A/D conversion circuit (theADC 13C, shown in FIG. 19, which does not perform weighting addition),and controls the turn-on and turn-off of the switches S9 to S13 and thusoperates as an A/D conversion circuit having a weighting additionfunction.

Description of Operation of ADC 12 in Case without Weighting Addition

Next, a description will be given of an example of a case where the ADC12 shown in FIG. 3 operates as an ordinary A/D conversion circuit (A/Dconversion circuit that does not perform weighting addition) by settingthe switches S9 to S13 to be steadily in an ON state in the ADC 12 shownin FIG. 3.

FIG. 4 is a timing diagram illustrating the operation of the ADC 12 in acase where weighting addition is not performed. Meanwhile, a processshown in FIG. 4 is the same process as an ordinary integral-type A/Dconversion process (A/D conversion process performed in the solid-stateimage pickup apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 1). Hereinafter, aflow of the process will be briefly described with reference to thetiming diagram shown in FIG. 4 (see the details of the image pickupapparatus disclosed in Patent Document 1).

An A/D conversion operation in the ADC 12 is performed by a two-stageA/D conversion operation of coarse conversion and fine conversion. Inaddition, the switches S9 to S13 are set to be in an ON state during theoperation of the A/D conversion process. In the switches S1 to S8connected to the respective capacitors C1 to C8, initially, the switchesS1 a to S8 a are set to be in an ON state, and the switches S1 b to S8 bare set to be in an OFF state.

When the A/D conversion process in the ADC 12 is started in response toa control command from the control unit 21, dark uptake is started attime T1, and the switch PGA_AZ of a PGA auto zero signal, the switchADC_AZ of an auto zero signal, and the switch SPL of a sampling signalare turned on at time T1. Thus, the comparator CP1 holds information ina dark state of the pixel as a potential (dark potential Vdark) in apositive electrode potential of the capacitor C10. Then, when the darkuptake started from the time T1 is completed, the switch PGA_AZ, theswitch ADC_AZ, and the switch SPL are turned off.

Thereafter, when the uptake of the signal uptake (reading of the pixelsignal) is started at time T2 and the switch SPL is turned on again, thepixel signal output from the PGA 11 is held as a potential Vcm in thenode Vcm. When the dark uptake is completed, the switch SPL is turnedoff.

Then, coarse conversion is started from time T3 by the coarse conversioncontrol unit 22 within the control unit 21. At time T3, the switch S8 aconnected to the capacitor C8 is turned off, and the switch S8 bconnected to the capacitor C8 is similarly turned on. Thus, the voltageof a counter electrode of the capacitor C8, which is capacitivelycoupled to the node Vcm′ (more exactly, the node Vcm and the node Vcm′because the switch S13 is turned on), changes from VRT (2.0 V) to VRB(1.0 V). At this time, the potential of the node Vcm is lowered by“(VRT−VRB)/8”. In addition, the value of the 3-bit counter 24A forcoarse conversion is set to “001”.

In addition, the switch S1 a connected to the capacitor C1 is turned offat time T4, and the switch S1 b connected to the capacitor C1 is alsoturned on. Thus, the counter electrode of the capacitor C1 which iscapacitively coupled to the node Vcm changes from VRT (2.0 V) to VRB(1.0 V). At this time, the potential of the node Vcm is further loweredby “(VRT−VRB)/8”. In addition, the value of the 3-bit counter 24A is setto “010”.

The same operation is performed at times T5 to T9. When the potential ofthe node Vcm is further lowered by “(VRT−VRB)/8” at time T10, thepotential of the node Vcm becomes lower than a potential Vdark(approximately 0 V). At this time, high-order 3 bits of a digital valueobtained by performing A/D conversion on a pixel signal is determined bythe count value (“111” in this example) of the 3-bit counter 24A.

When the coarse conversion is terminated, fine conversion is started bythe fine conversion control unit 23 at time T11 and after, and thedetermination of low-order 12 bits is started. For this reason, theswitch SX is set to be in an ON state at time T11, and the signal VRAMPwhich is a counter electrode potential of the capacitor C8 is raised upto a level equivalent to VRT. In addition, the potential of the node Vcmis raised up to a level equivalent to a timing which is one timingearlier than a point in time when the coarse conversion is terminated.That is, the potential is raised by “(VRT−VRB)/8” (see the details ofPatent Document 1).

The signal VRAMP is changed (lowered) in a slope shape at time T11 andafter, and thus the potential of the node Vcm is lowered in a slopeshape. The time until the point when the potential of the node Vcmbecomes lower than the potential of the dark potential Vdark(approximately 0 V) is calculated using a clock signal (not shown). Inaddition, the calculation of the clock signal is performed by a 12-bitcounter 24B. A digital value of low-order 12 bits of a pixel signal isdetermined by the calculated value of the 12-bit counter 24B.

In this manner, since the ADC 12 determines high-order bits (high-order3 bits) of pixel information in coarse conversion and determineslow-order bits (low-order 12 bits) of pixel information in fineconversion, it is possible to perform the A/D conversion process on thepixel signal at high speed.

Description of Operation of ADC 12 in Case where Weighting Addition isPerformed

Next, reference will be made to a timing diagram of FIG. 5 to describean example of a case where the ADC 12 shown in FIG. 3 operates as an A/Dconversion circuit with weighting addition.

The flow chart shown in FIG. 5 is different from the timing diagramshown in FIG. 4 in that processing periods of uptake of the signal Sig1started from time T2 a, uptake of the signal Sig2 started from time T2b, uptake of the signal Sig3 started from time T2 c, and weightingadditions of the signals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3 started from time T2 d arenewly added. In addition, a difference therebetween is in that thesignal uptake started at time T2 of FIG. 4 is changed to weightingsignal uptake started at time T2 e of FIG. 5. The other respects are thesame as those of the timing diagram shown in FIG. 4.

As shown in the timing diagram of FIG. 5, dark uptake started at time T1is terminated, and the switch S9 is turned on at time T2 a. Thus, thesignal Sig1 input through the PGA 11 is taken up in the capacitor C1(the capacitor C1 is charged). In addition, the switches S10 and S11 areturned on at time T2 b, and thus the signal Sig2 input through the PGA11 is taken up in the capacitors C2 and C3 (the capacitors C2 and C3 arecharged). In addition, the switch S12 is turned on at time T2 c, andthus the signal Sig3 input through the PGA 11 is taken up in thecapacitor C4 (the capacitor C4 is charged). Accordingly, the signalsSig1, Sig2, and Sig3 to be subjected to weighting addition being takenup in the ADC 12 is completed.

Thereafter, four of the switches S9, S10, S11, and S12 aresimultaneously turned on at time T2 d, and electrical chargesaccumulated in the capacitors C1, C2, C3, and C4 are discharged to thenode Vcm. As a result, voltage signals obtained by performing weightingaddition on the signals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3 are generated on the nodeVcm. Meanwhile, the ratio between the weighting values for the signalsSig1, Sig2, and Sig3 is set to “1:2:1” from the number of capacitors inwhich the respective signals are held.

When the voltage signals obtained by performing weighting addition onthe signals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3 are generated at time T2 d, the switchS13 is further turned on at time T2 e to connect the node Vcm and thenode Vcm′ and to take up the signals having been subjected to weightingaddition on the node Vcm′.

The waveform Vcm after the time T2 e indicates a voltage waveform of thenode Vcm′ (node Vcm′ to which the capacitors C5 to C8 are connected).However, in order to describe that the electrical charges charged intothe capacitors C1, C2, and C3 are redistributed between the capacitorsC1 to C8 by the switch S13 being turned on from the time T2 e to thetime T2 f, potentials (voltage level L1) for charging the capacitors C1,C2, and C3 before the switch S13 is turned on are schematically shown.

That is, at the time of connecting the node Vcm and the node Vcm′ byturning on the switch S13 between the time T2 e and the time T2 f, thepotential (voltage level L1) of the node Vcm is lowered to a voltagelevel L2 at time T2 f by the electrical charges charged into thecapacitors C1, C2, and C3 being redistributed between the capacitors C1to C8.

Thereafter, coarse conversion is started at time T3, and fine conversionis started at time T11. The coarse conversion and the fine conversionare basically the same as those of the timing diagram shown in FIG. 4.

However, the timing diagram shown in FIG. 5 is different from the timingdiagram shown in FIG. 4 in that a coarse conversion operation isperformed using four of the switches S5, S6, S7, and S8. That is, in thetiming diagram shown in FIG. 4, the high-order bit of the A/D conversionvalue is determined by performing the coarse conversion operation ineight stages using eight of the switches S1 to S8. On the other hand, inthe timing diagram shown in FIG. 5, the high-order bit of the A/Dconversion value is determined by performing the coarse conversionoperation in four stages using four of the switches S5 to S8. This isbecause the switches S1 to S4 connected to the respective capacitors C1to C4 cannot be used for coarse conversion due to the capacitors C1, C2,C3, and C4 being separated from the node Vcm′ by the switch S13 beingturned off during the coarse conversion operation after the time T3.Meanwhile, the switches S9 to S13 are set to be in an ON state after thetime T2 d, and thus it is also possible to perform the coarse conversionoperation in eight stages by using eight of the switches S1 to S8.

As described above, in the A/D conversion circuit (ADC 12) of thisembodiment, the weighting addition is performed on pixel signals in thevertical direction in a state of analog signals before the A/Dconversion is performed, and thus it is possible to perform theweighting addition on the pixel signals without being influenced bynoise components and a quantization error which are generated at thetime of performing the A/D conversion.

Second Embodiment

In the ADC 12 of the first embodiment described above, an improvement inthe speed of the A/D conversion is achieved by determining a high-orderbit of a digital value of a pixel signal by a coarse conversion processand determining a low-order bit of a digital value of a pixel signal bya fine conversion process. However, the circuit configuration becomescomplicated to that extent. In the A/D conversion circuit of the presentinvention, the coarse conversion process is not necessarily performed,and a configuration can also be adopted in which the coarse conversionprocess is not performed and only the fine conversion process isperformed. Thus, it is possible to simplify the circuit configuration ofthe A/D conversion circuit. As a second embodiment of the presentinvention, an example of a case where an A/D conversion circuit performsonly fine conversion will be described.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the configuration of the A/D conversioncircuit according to the second embodiment of the present invention. AnA/D conversion circuit (ADC 12A) shown in FIG. 6 is different from theA/D conversion circuit (ADC 12) shown in FIG. 3 in that the componentsof the ADC 12 shown in FIG. 3, which are related to a coarse conversionprocess, are removed. That is, the ADC 12 of FIG. 6 does not include thecapacitors C5 to C7 and the switches S1 a, S1 b to S8 a, S8 b, and SX inthe ADC 12 shown in FIG. 3. The other configurations are the same asthose of the ADC 12 shown in FIG. 3. Therefore, in both cases, the samecomponents are denoted by the same reference numerals and signs, andthus a repeated description thereof will be omitted here.

FIG. 7 is a timing diagram illustrating the operation of the ADC 12Ashown in FIG. 6. The timing diagram shown in FIG. 7 and the timingdiagram shown in FIG. 5 with weighting addition are the same as eachother in operations from dark uptake started at time T1 to uptake, whichis started at time T2 e, of a weighting signal into a node Vcm′, and aredifferent from each other in that a fine conversion process is startedfrom time T3 (in the timing diagram of FIG. 5, the coarse conversionprocess is started from the time T3).

In this manner, after weighting addition is performed on signals Sig1,Sig2, and Sig3 by using capacitors C1, C2, C3, and C4, a coarseconversion process is omitted, and fine conversion can be startedimmediately. For this reason, in an A/D conversion circuit having a lownumber of bits (resolution), it is possible to perform weightingaddition using analog signals and to simplify a circuit configuration.

Meanwhile, FIG. 8 is a timing diagram showing an operation whenweighting addition is not performed in the ADC 12A shown in FIG. 7. Whenthe weighting addition is not performed in the ADC 12A, all of switchesS9 to S13 are set to be in an ON state, and dark uptake started fromtime T1 and signal uptake started from time T2 are completed, and then afine conversion process is started from time T3.

Third Embodiment

In the first and second embodiments, all of the capacitors C1 to C8connected to the node Vcm are set to have the same capacitance, and thenumber of capacitors holding the respective signals is allocated inaccordance with the weighting values of the pixel signals Sig1, Sig2,and Sig3. For example, in the example shown in FIG. 3, one capacitor C1is allocated to the pixel signal Sig1, two capacitors C2 and C3 areallocated to the pixel signal Sig2, and one capacitor C4 is allocated tothe pixel signal Sig3. On the other hand, in a third embodiment of thepresent invention, one capacitor is allocated to each of pixel signalsSig1, Sig2, and Sig3, and weighting is performed by changing thecapacitance of each of the capacitors.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the configuration of an A/D conversioncircuit according to the third embodiment of the present invention. AnADC 12B shown in FIG. 9 is different from the ADC 12 shown in FIG. 3 inthat only one capacitor C2 is used as a capacitor holding a signal Sig2(in the ADC 12 shown in FIG. 3, the signal Sig2 is held in two of thecapacitors C2 and C3). Another difference therebetween is in that themagnitude of the capacitance of each of capacitors C1, C2, and C3 ischanged in accordance with the magnitude of weighting for each ofsignals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3 in the ADC 12B of FIG. 9 (that is, themagnitudes of the respective capacitances are individually set, or themagnitudes of the respective capacitances are made different from eachother). For example, the ratio between the capacitances of thecapacitors C1, C2, and C3 can be set to “1:2:1”. The otherconfigurations are the same as those of the ADC 12 shown in FIG. 3.Therefore, in both cases, the same components are denoted by the samereference numerals and signs.

In the example shown in FIG. 9, the magnitudes of the respectivecapacitances of the capacitors C1, C2, and C3 are changed in accordancewith the weighting values of the signals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3. For thisreason, the capacitances of the capacitors C1, C2, and C3 are differentfrom the capacitances of capacitors C4 to C8. That is, the capacitors C1to C8 includes capacitors having different capacitances (in the ADC 12shown in FIG. 3, all the capacitances of the capacitors C1 to C8 are thesame).

For this reason, the capacitors C1, C2, and C3 are used only when theweighting addition is performed on the signals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3.After the weighting addition is performed, the switches S9, S10, and S11are set to be in an OFF state, and the capacitors C1, C2, and C3 aremade not to be used for coarse conversion which is performed in the ADC12B. That is, in the ADC 12B, a coarse conversion process is performedusing five capacitors C4, C5, C6, C7, and C8.

FIG. 10 is a timing diagram illustrating the operation of the ADC 12Bshown in FIG. 9, and is a timing diagram showing an operation in a casewith weighting addition. The timing diagram shown in FIG. 10 and thetiming diagram in the ADC 12 according to the first embodiment shown inFIG. 5 are the same as each other in operations from dark uptake startedat time T1 to uptake of a signal Sig1 started at time T2 a. At time T2 bshown in FIG. 10, the switch S10 is turned on, and the signal Sig2 inputthrough a PGA 11 is taken up in the capacitor C2 (the capacitor C2 ischarged). In addition, the switch S11 is turned on at time T2 c, and thesignal Sig3 input through the PGA 11 is taken up in the capacitor C3(the capacitor C3 is charged). Thus, the signals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3 tobe subjected to weighting addition being taken up in the ADC 12B iscompleted.

Thereafter, three of the switches S9, S10, and S11 are simultaneouslyturned on at time T2 d, and electrical charges accumulated in thecapacitors C1, C2, and C3 are discharged to a node Vcm. At time T2 d,when voltage signals obtained by performing weighting addition on thesignals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3 are generated on the node Vcm, a switch S13is further turned on at time T2 e to connect the node Vcm and a nodeVcm′ and to take up the signals having been subjected to weightingaddition in the node Vcm′. Thus, the voltage signals obtained byperforming weighting addition on the signals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3 aregenerated in the node Vcm′.

Then, coarse conversion is started at time T3. The timing diagram shownin FIG. 10 is different from the timing diagram shown in FIG. 5 in thata high-order bit of an A/D conversion value is determined by performinga coarse conversion operation using the five switches S4, S5, S6, S7,and S8. That is, in the timing diagram shown in FIG. 5, the high-orderbit of the A/D conversion value is determined by performing the coarseconversion operation in four stages using four of the switches S5 to S8.On the other hand, in the timing diagram shown in FIG. 10, thehigh-order bit of the A/D conversion value is determined by performingthe coarse conversion operation in five stages using five of theswitches S4 to S8. This is because the switches S1, S2, S3 connected tothe respective capacitors C1, C2, and C3 cannot be used for a coarseconversion operation due to the capacitors C1, C2, and C3 beingseparated from the node Vcm′ by the switch S13 being turned off duringthe coarse conversion operation after the time T3, whereby the coarseconversion is performed using the remaining switches S4 to S8. When thecoarse conversion is terminated, a fine conversion process is started attime T9. The fine conversion process can be performed in the same manneras that shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.

As described above, in the third embodiment, it is possible to finelyset weighting for the signals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3 by changing thecapacitances of the capacitors C1, C2, and C3.

Here, a correspondence relation between the present invention and theembodiments will be supportively described. A solid-state image pickupapparatus according to an aspect of the present invention corresponds tothe solid-state image pickup apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1, and an A/Dconversion circuit according to an aspect of the present inventioncorresponds to the ADC 12 shown in FIG. 3, and the like. In addition,pixel signals according to an aspect of the present invention correspondto the pixel signals (for example, signals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3) whichare generated in the pixel PX shown in FIG. 1 and are input to the ADC(A/D conversion circuit) through the vertical signal line VL. Inaddition, a node according to an aspect of the present inventioncorresponds to the node Vcm (may include both the node Vcm and the nodeVcm′). In addition, a predetermined potential according to an aspect ofthe present invention corresponds to a potential (Vdark) of a pixelsignal in a dark state, and more specifically, corresponds to a voltage(dark potential Vdark) which is held in the capacitor C10 connected tothe comparator CP1.

In addition, a control unit according to an aspect of the presentinvention corresponds to the control unit 21. A coarse conversion unitaccording to an aspect of the present invention corresponds to thecoarse conversion control unit 22. A fine conversion unit according toan aspect of the present invention corresponds to the fine conversioncontrol unit 23. In addition, capacitors of a first group according toan aspect of the present invention correspond to the capacitors C1 toC4. Capacitors of a second group according to an aspect of the presentinvention correspond to the capacitors C5 to C8. Switches of a firstgroup according to an aspect of the present invention correspond to theswitches S9 to S12. A switch of a second group according to an aspect ofthe present invention corresponds to the switch S13.

(1) In the above-described embodiments, the ADC 12 includes theplurality of capacitors C1 to C8 that are capacitively coupled to thenode Vcm to which pixel signals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3 are input throughthe vertical signal line VL of the solid-state image pickup apparatus,pixel signal holding units (capacitors C1 to C4 and switches S9 to S11)which hold in advance the plurality of pixel signals Sig1, Sig2, andSig3 input through the vertical signal line VL by some capacitors C1 toC4 among the plurality of capacitors C1 to C8, node potential generationunits (capacitors C1 to C4 and switches S9 to S11) which generate apotential of the node Vcm by synthesizing the pixel signals held in someof the capacitors C1 to C4, and a control unit (control unit 21) whichchanges the potential of the node Vcm by changing the voltages ofcounter electrodes of the plurality of capacitors C1 to C8 and generatesdigital values of the pixel signals by comparing the potential of thenode Vcm with a predetermined potential (dark potential Vdark).

In the ADC 12 having such a configuration, the plurality of pixelsignals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3 input through the vertical signal line VLof the solid-state image pickup apparatus are held in advance using somecapacitors C1 to C4 among the plurality of capacitors C1 to C8 withinthe ADC 12. The potential of the node Vcm is generated by synthesizingthe pixel signals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3 held in the capacitors C1 to C4.Thereafter, the potential of the node Vcm is changed by changing thevoltages of the counter electrodes of the capacitors C1 to C8, and thedigital values of the pixel signals are generated by comparing thepotential of the node Vcm with the predetermined potential (darkpotential Vdark).

Thus, in the ADC 12 of this embodiment, the weighting addition isperformed on the pixel signals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3 in the verticaldirection in a state of analog signals, and thus it is possible toperform the weighting addition without including an error caused bynoise components superimposed at the time of A/D conversion and aquantization error. In addition, since the weighting addition isperformed using the capacitors C1 to C4 within the ADC 12, a layout areaof the solid-state image pickup apparatus (chip) is not increased.

(2) According to the above-described embodiments, in the ADC 12, theplurality of capacitors C1 to C8 have the same capacitance. Whenweighting addition is performed on the pixel signals Sig1, Sig2, andSig3, the control unit 21 allocates one or a plurality of capacitorsamong the plurality of capacitors C1 to C8 in accordance with theweighting values of the pixel signals at the time of holding the pixelsignals in the capacitors C1 to C4, holds the pixel signals by chargingelectrical charges into the allocated capacitors, performs weightingaddition on the pixel signals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3 by adding up thecharged electrical charges held in the capacitors C1 to C4 after allinputs of the pixel signals to be subjected to the weighting additionare completed, and generates the potential of the node Vcm using thepixel signals having been subjected to weighting addition.

Thus, it is possible to easily perform the weighting addition on thepixel signals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3 in a state of analog signals by usingthe capacitors C1 to C4 within the ADC 12. In addition, since theweighting addition is performed using the capacitors C1 to C4 within theADC 12, the layout area is not increased.

(3) In the above-described embodiments, the control unit 21 includes thecoarse conversion control unit 22 that changes the potential of the nodeVcm in a step shape by sequentially switching the voltages of thecounter electrodes of the plurality of capacitors C1 to C8 anddetermines a high-order bit having a predetermined number of bits of adigital value by comparing the potential of the node Vcm with apredetermined potential (dark potential Vdark), and the fine conversioncontrol unit 23 that changes the potential of the node Vcm in a slopeshape by changing a voltage VRAMP of a counter electrode of apredetermined capacitor C8 among the capacitors C1 to C8 in a slopeshape after coarse conversion is terminated and that determines alow-order bit of a digital value by comparing the potential of the nodeVcm with the predetermined potential (dark potential Vdark).

Thus, it is possible to perform the weighting addition without includingan error caused by noise components superimposed at the time of A/Dconversion and a quantization error. In addition, it is possible toincrease the speed of A/D conversion at the time of converting the pixelsignals having been subjected to weighting addition to digital values.

(4) In the above-described embodiments, the control unit 21 includes thefine conversion control unit 23 that changes the potential of the nodeVcm in a slope shape by changing the voltage VRAMP of the counterelectrode of the predetermined capacitor C8 among the capacitors C1 toC8 and that generates a digital value by comparing the potential of thenode Vcm with a predetermined potential (Vdark).

Thus, a configuration can also be adopted in which a coarse conversionprocess is not performed and only a fine conversion process isperformed. As a result, it is possible to simplify the circuitconfiguration of the A/D conversion circuit.

(5) In the above-described embodiments, the number of the plurality ofcapacitors C1 to C8 is n (n=8), and the number of capacitors C1 to C4,holding pixel signals in advance, of a first group is m (m=4). Inaddition, provided are m switches S9 to S12 of a first group whichselectively connect four of the capacitors C1 to C4 of the first groupand the node Vcm, and one switch S13 of a second group whichcollectively and selectively connects (n-m) (four) capacitors C5 to C8of a second group, excluding the capacitors of the first group in theplurality of capacitors C1 to C8, and the node Vcm. The control unit 21allocates one or a plurality of switches in advance among the switchesS9 to S12 of the first group to pixel signals to be input, in accordancewith the number of pixel signals to be subjected to weighting additionand the weighting additions of the respective pixel signals, initiallyturns on the switches S9 to S12 of the first group and the switch S13 ofthe second group at the time of weighting and adding up the pixelsignals sequentially input through the vertical signal line VL, turns onthe switches allocated to the pixel signals among the switches S9 to S12of the first group whenever the pixel signal is input, turns off theswitches after holding the pixel signals by charging electrical chargesinto the capacitors connected to the switches, collectively turns on theswitches S9 to S12 of the first group after all inputs of the pixelsignals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3 to be subjected to the weighting additionare completed, performs the weighting addition on the pixel signals byadding up the charged electrical charges held in the capacitors C1 to C4connected to the switches S9 to S12 of the first group, and generates apotential in the node Vcm using the pixel signals having been subjectedto weighting addition.

Thus, it is possible to perform the weighting addition on the pixelsignals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3 in a state of analog signals, and toperform the weighting addition using the capacitors C1 to C4 within theADC 12.

(6) In the above-described embodiments, the control unit 21 performs A/Dconversion without weighting addition on the pixel signals to be inputby controlling the switches S9 to S12 of the first group and the switchS13 of the second group to be in an ON state at all times.

Thus, it is possible to selectively execute A/D conversion withweighting addition and A/D conversion without weighting addition.

(7) In the above-described embodiments, the solid-state image pickupapparatus 1, which is the solid-state image pickup apparatus 1 includingthe ADC 12, includes an image pickup unit (pixel unit 2) in which pixelsPX, each of which includes a photoelectric conversion element convertingan optical signal into an electrical signal are disposed in the form ofa plurality of matrices, the image pickup unit outputting signals of thepixels PX of the selected row through a plurality of vertical signallines VL wired for the respective columns while sequentially scanningthe pixels PX for each row. The ADC 12 is provided corresponding to eachof the plurality of vertical signal lines VL, and converts pixel signals(for example, the signals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3) which are output fromthe vertical signal line VL from analog signals to digital values.

Thus, in the solid-state image pickup apparatus 1 according to an aspectof the present invention, it is possible to perform weighting additionon the pixel signals in a state of analog signals at the time ofperforming the weighting addition on the pixel signals (for example, thesignals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3) which are output through the verticalsignal line VL and outputting the pixel signals as digital values(digital data). For this reason, it is possible to output the digitaldata having been subjected to weighting addition without including anerror caused by noise components superimposed at the time of performingA/D conversion on the pixel signals. In addition, since the weightingaddition is performed using the capacitors C1 to C4 within the ADC 12,the layout area is not increased.

Fourth Embodiment

Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be describedwith reference to the accompanying drawings. In the followingdescription, the same components as those in the above-describedembodiments are denoted by the same reference numerals and signs, and adescription thereof will be omitted or simplified.

Meanwhile, in the following description, the photodiode PD within thepixel R1 (see FIG. 18) may be referred to as a “photodiode PD1”, thetransmission transistor TX within the pixel R1 may be referred to as a“transmission transistor TX1”, the floating diffusion FD within thepixel R1 may be referred to as a “floating diffusion FD1”, and theamplification transistor SF within the pixel R1 may be referred to as an“amplification transistor SF1”. The same is true of the pixel R2 and thepixel R3.

Description of Configuration of Solid-State Image Pickup Apparatus

Next, the configuration of the solid-state image pickup apparatus willbe described. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the configuration of asolid-state image pickup apparatus according to the fourth embodiment ofthe present invention. A solid-state image pickup apparatus 201 shown inFIG. 11 is different from the solid-state image pickup apparatus 1 shownin FIG. 1 in that a weighting addition circuit 10 is newly added to eachof vertical signal lines VL. In an example, an A/D conversion circuit(ADC 212, see FIG. 12) can have the same configuration as that of theA/D conversion circuit shown in FIG. 19. Alternatively, the A/Dconversion circuit (ADC 212) can have the same configuration as those ofthe A/D conversion circuits according to the above-describedembodiments. The other configurations can be made in the same manner asthose of, for example, the solid-state image pickup apparatus 1 shown inFIG. 1.

As shown in FIG. 11, a weighting addition circuit 210 is a circuit whichis connected to a node Na on the signal output side of the verticalsignal line VL. The weighting addition circuit holds a plurality ofpredetermined pixel signals (for example, output signals of the pixelsR1, R2, and R3 shown in FIG. 18) which are sequentially output from thevertical signal line VL, performs weighting addition on the held pixelsignals, and outputs the pixel signals having been subjected toweighting addition onto the node Na. The pixel signals having beensubjected to weighting addition which are output onto the node Na fromthe weighting addition circuit 210 are amplified by a PGA 11 (see FIG.12) which is a variable gain amplifier, and the pixel signals amplifiedby the PGA 11 are converted into digital values (digital data) by theADC 212 (see FIG. 12).

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the configuration of the weighting additioncircuit 210.

The weighting addition circuit 210 shown in FIG. 12 holds a plurality ofpixel signals (three pixel signals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3 in the exampleshown in FIG. 12) which are sequentially output from the vertical signalline VL through switches SW1, SW2, and SW3 in capacitors C1, C2, and C3,respectively, and performs weighting addition on the pixel signals Sig1,Sig2, and Sig3 held in the capacitors C1, C2, and C3. That is, voltagesignals (pixel signals having been subjected to weighting addition) aregenerated on the node Na by adding up electrical charges held in thecapacitors C1, C2, and C3 (more accurately, by redistributing electricalcharges on the capacitors C1, C2, and C3). The pixel signals having beensubjected to weighting addition are output to the PGA 11 through aswitch SW4.

As described above, the weighting addition circuit 210 includes thecapacitors C1, C2, and C3 and the switches SW1, SW2, and SW3. One end ofthe capacitor C1 is connected to the node Na through the switch SW1, andthe other end of the capacitor C1 is connected to a circuit ground G.The switch SW1 is a switch for holding the pixel signal Sig1, which isoutput from the vertical signal line VL, in the capacitor C1. Forexample, the switch SW1 is turned on (the switches SW2, SW3, and SW4 areset to be in an OFF state) at a timing when the pixel signal Sig1 isoutput to the vertical signal line VL (node Na) (during an output periodof the signal Sig1). As a result, electrical charge is charged into thecapacitor C1 through the switch SW1, and the pixel signal Sig1 is heldin the capacitor C1.

In addition, one end of the capacitor C2 is connected to the node Nathrough the switch SW2, and the other end of the capacitor C2 isconnected to a circuit ground G. The switch SW2 is a switch for holdingthe pixel signal Sig2 in the capacitor C2. For example, when the switchSW2 is turned on (the switches SW1, SW3, and SW4 are set to be in an OFFstate) at a timing when the pixel signal Sig2 is output to the verticalsignal line VL (node Na) (during an output period of the signal Sig2),electrical charge is charged in the capacitor C2 through the switch SW2,and the pixel signal Sig2 is held in the capacitor C2.

In addition, one end of the capacitor C3 is connected to the node Nathrough the switch SW3, and the other end of the capacitor C3 isconnected to the circuit ground G. The switch SW3 is a switch forholding the pixel signal Sig3 in the capacitor C3. For example, when theswitch SW3 is turned on (the switches SW1, SW2, and SW4 are set to be inan OFF state) at a timing when the pixel signal Sig3 is output to thevertical signal line VL (node Na) (during an output period of the signalSig3), electrical charge is charged into the capacitor C3 through theswitch SW3, and the pixel signal Sig3 is held in the capacitor C3.

Meanwhile, in the circuit shown in FIG. 12, the switches SW1, SW2, SW3,and SW4 are shown by contact signs, but are actually MOS transistors,semiconductor switches, or the like. In addition, the same is true of aswitch PGA_AZ and the like within the PGA 11.

In addition, the operation of the weighting addition circuit 210 iscontrolled by the weighting addition control unit 221. The weightingaddition control unit 221 controls turn-on and turn-off of the switchesSW1, SW2, and SW3 within the weighting addition circuit 210, andcontrols turn-on and turn-off (connection/open) (that is, switchingbetween an electrical conduction state and a non-electrical conductionstate) of the switch SW4 which is inserted between the node Na and aninput terminal (−) of the PGA 11. A pixel signal holding unit 222 and apixel signal synthesis unit 223 are provided within the weightingaddition control unit 221.

The pixel signal holding unit 222 controls turn-on and turn-off of theswitches SW1, SW2, and SW3 in accordance with the respective timingswhen the pixel signals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3 are output onto the verticalsignal line VL so that the pixel signals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3 are heldin the respective capacitors C1, C2, and C3 corresponding to the pixelsignals.

In addition, the pixel signal synthesis unit 223 collectively turns onthe switches SW1, SW2, and SW3 after the pixel signals Sig1, Sig2, andSig3 are held in the corresponding capacitors C1, C2, and C3,respectively, so that the electrical charges charged into the capacitorsC1, C2, and C3 are added up (more accurately, electrical charges areredistributed on the capacitors C1, C2, and C3) and the pixel signals(voltage signals) having been subjected to weighting addition aregenerated on the node Na. In addition, the pixel signal synthesis unit223 turns on the switch SW4 after the pixel signals having beensubjected to weighting addition are generated on the node Na, so thatthe pixel signals having been subjected to weighting addition are outputtoward the PGA 11.

Description of Operation of Weighting Addition Circuit 210

As described above, in the weighting addition circuit 210, the capacitorC1 is charged by the signal Sig1, the capacitor C2 is charged by thesignal Sig2, and the capacitor C3 is charged by the signal Sig3. Then,the switches SW1, SW2, and SW3 are simultaneously turned on (the switchSW4 is turned off) so that a potential is generated on the node Na bythe electrical charges charged into the capacitors C1, C2, and C3,thereby performing weighting addition on the signals Sig1, Sig2, andSig3. In this case, the ratio between weighting values for the signalsSig1, Sig2, and Sig3 is determined by the capacitance ratio between thecapacitor C1, the capacitor C2, and the capacitor C3.

In this case, an electrical charge Q1 held in the capacitor C1 by thesignal Sig1 satisfies the relationship of Q1=C1×Sig1.

An electrical charge Q2 held in the capacitor C2 by the signal Sig2satisfies the relationship of Q2=C2×Sig2.

An electrical charge Q3 held in the capacitor C3 by the signal Sig3satisfies the relationship of Q3=C3×Sig3.

Accordingly, a total amount Qtotal of electrical charge held incapacitors C1, C2, and C3 satisfies the relationship ofQtotal=C1×Sig1+C2×Sig2+C3×Sig3.

In addition, a total capacitance Ctotal of the capacitors C1, C2, and C3satisfies the relationship of Ctotal=C1+C2+C3.

Accordingly, when the potential of the node Na is represented by VNa ina case where the switches SW1, SW2, and SW3 are simultaneously turned on(the switch SW4 is turned off), the relationship ofVNa=Qtotal/(C1+C2+C3) is established.

Here, when the relationship of C1:C2:C3=a:b:c is established, therelationship of Qtotal=C1×Sig1+(b/a)×C1×Sig2+(c/a)×C1×Sig3 isestablished.

Accordingly, since the relationship of VNa=Qtotal/Ctotal is established,the relationship of VNa={C1×Sig1+(b/a)×C1×Sig2+(c/a)×C1×Sig3}/(C1+C2+C3)is established.

Further, as described above, since the relationship of C1:C2:C3=a:b:c isestablished, the relationship of

$\begin{matrix}{{VNa} = {\left\{ {{C\; 1 \times {Sig}\; 1} + {\left( {b\text{/}a} \right) \times C\; 1 \times {Sig}\; 2} + {\left( {c\text{/}a} \right) \times C\; 1 \times {Sig}\; 3}} \right\}\text{/}}} \\{\left( {{C\; 1} + {\left( {b\text{/}a} \right)C\; 1} + {\left( {c\text{/}a} \right)C\; 1}} \right)} \\{= {\left\{ {{{Sig}\; 1} + {\left( {b\text{/}a} \right) \times {Sig}\; 2} + {\left( {c\text{/}a} \right) \times {Sig}\; 3}} \right\}\text{/}\left( {1 + \left( {b\text{/}a} \right) + \left( {c\text{/}a} \right)} \right)\mspace{14mu}{is}\mspace{14mu}{{established}.}}}\end{matrix}$

Then, for example, when the relationship of C1:C2:C3=a:b:c=1:2:1 isestablished, the relationship of

$\begin{matrix}{{{VNa} = {\left( {{{Sig}\; 1} + {\left( {2\text{/}1} \right) \times {Sig}\; 2} + {\left( {1\text{/}1} \right) \times {Sig}\; 3}} \right)\text{/}\left( {1 + \left( {2\text{/}1} \right) + \left( {1\text{/}1} \right)} \right)}},} \\{= {\left( {{{Sig}\; 1} + {2 \times {Sig}\; 2} + {{Sig}\; 3}} \right)\text{/}4\mspace{14mu}{is}\mspace{14mu}{{established}.}}}\end{matrix}$

That is, it is possible to perform weighting addition having the ratioof “1:2:1” on the signals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3.

As described above, in the weighting addition circuit 10 shown in FIG.12, weighting addition is performed on the pixel signals Sig1, Sig2, andSig3 output from the vertical signal line VL in a state of the analogsignals to thereby generate a potential (voltage signal) in the node Na,and the potential generated in the node Na is amplified by the PGA 11and is output to the ADC 212. For this reason, when the weightingaddition is performed on the pixel signals output from the verticalsignal line VL, it is possible to perform the weighting addition usingthe analog signals without being influenced by noise occurring in thePGA 11 and a conversion error (for example, an error caused by noiseoccurring due to switching between the switches and a quantizationerror) which occurs in the ADC 212.

Meanwhile, in the above description, an example is shown in which thehighest weighting is given to the central pixel signal Sig2 with respectto three of the pixel signals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3 to be subjected toweighting (the highest weighing is normally given to the central pixelsignal Sig2), but the present invention is not particularly limitedthereto. The highest weighting may be given to the pixel signal Sig1 orthe pixel signal Sig3.

In addition, the number of pixel signals to be subjected to weightingaddition is not limited to three. It is also possible to performweighting addition on five pixel signals or seven pixel signals(basically an odd number of signals). Meanwhile, weighting addition isbasically performed on an odd number of pixel signals, but may also beperformed on an even number of pixel signals.

In addition, the ratio between the capacitances of the capacitors C1,C2, and C3 is set to “C1:C2:C3=1:1:1”, and thus it is also possible toperform averaging between the pixel signals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3.Further, the switches SW1, SW2, and SW3 are set to be steadily in an OFFstate, and thus it is also possible to cause the solid-state imagepickup apparatus 201 to operate as an ordinary circuit (see FIG. 14 tobe described later) without weighting addition.

Description of Operation Timing of Weighting Addition Circuit 210

FIG. 13 is a timing diagram illustrating the operation of the weightingaddition circuit 210. In the timing diagram shown in FIG. 13, FIG. 13(A)shows ON and OFF states (ON in an H state) of a selection transistorSEL1, a reset transistor RST1, and a transmission transistor TX1 withina red pixel R1 (see FIG. 18). In addition, FIG. 13(B) shows ON and OFFstates (ON in an H state) of a selection transistor SEL2, a resettransistor RST2, and a transmission transistor TX2 within a red pixel R2(see FIG. 18), and FIG. 13(C) shows ON and OFF states (ON in an H state)of a selection transistor SEL3, a reset transistor RST3, and atransmission transistor TX3 within a red pixel R3 (see FIG. 18).

In addition, FIG. 13(D) shows ON and OFF states (ON in an H state) ofthe switches SW1, SW2, and SW3 within the weighting addition circuit 210and ON and OFF states (ON in an H state) of the switch SW4. In addition,FIG. 13(E) shows ON and OFF states (ON in an H state) of the switchPGA_AZ within the PGA 11 and an output signal PGA_out of the PGA 11.

Hereinafter, a flow of the operation in the weighting addition circuit210 will be described with reference to FIG. 13.

First, it is assumed that all the transistors (SEL, RST, and TX) shownin FIGS. 13(A) to 13(C) are initially turned off before time T1 and allthe switches SW1, SW2, SW3, and SW4 shown in FIG. 13(D) are turned off.In addition, as shown in FIG. 13(E), it is assumed that the switchPGA_AZ within the PGA 11 is turned off. Meanwhile, since the switch SW4is turned off in a state before the time T1, the signal PGA_out is notoutput from the PGA 11.

Then, a weighting addition process for the pixel signals Sig1, Sig2, andSig3 is started from the time T1. In addition, at the time of startingthe weighting addition process, a signal amplification operation in thePGA 11 is stopped by turning off the switch SW4 and turning on theswitch PGA_AZ within the PGA 11 (by setting an amplification gain to“0”).

Then, a holding operation of the pixel signal Sig1 of the pixel R1 inthe capacitor C1 (charging operation of the capacitor C1) is started attime T2. In this case, as shown in FIG. 13(A), the selection transistorSEL1 is turned on and the reset transistor RST1 is turned off within thepixel R1 at time T1, and this state is continued until time T4. Inaddition, as shown in FIG. 13(D), the switch SW1 connected to thecapacitor C1 within the weighting addition circuit 210 is turned on bythe pixel signal holding unit 222 at time T1, and this state iscontinued until the time T4.

Then, as shown in FIG. 13(A), the transmission transistor TX1 within thepixel R1 is turned on during a period t at time T3 between the time T1and the time T4. Thus, a voltage signal is generated by electricalcharge, which is detected by a photodiode PD1, being transmitted to thefloating diffusion FD1 through the transmission transistor TX1, and asignal obtained by amplifying the voltage signal using the amplificationtransistor SF1 is output to the vertical signal line VL through theselection transistor SEL1. The capacitor C1 is charged through theswitch SW1 by the signal (pixel signal Sig1) which is output from thevertical signal line VL.

Then, as shown in FIG. 13(A), the selection transistor SEL1 is turnedoff and the reset transistor RST1 is turned on at time T4 in the pixelR1, and thus the output of the pixel signal Sig1 to the vertical signalline VL is stopped. In the pixel signal holding unit 222, the switch SW1is turned off at time T4, and thus the holding of the pixel signal Sig1through the capacitor C1 is completed.

Subsequently, a holding operation of the pixel signal Sig2 of the pixelR2 in the capacitor C2 (charging operation of the capacitor C2) isstarted at time T5. In this case, as shown in FIG. 13(B), the selectiontransistor SEL2 is turned on and the reset transistor RST2 is turned offwithin the pixel R2 at time T5, and this state is continued until timeT7. In addition, as shown in FIG. 13(D), the switch SW2 connected to thecapacitor C2 within the weighting addition circuit 210 is turned on bythe pixel signal holding unit 222 at time T5, and this state iscontinued until the time T7.

Then, as shown in FIG. 13(B), the transmission transistor TX2 within thepixel R2 is turned on during a period t at time T6 between the time T5and the time T7. Thus, a voltage signal is generated by electricalcharge, which is detected by a photodiode PD2 within the pixel R2, beingtransmitted to a floating diffusion FD2 through the transmissiontransistor TX2, and a signal obtained by amplifying the voltage signalusing the amplification transistor SF2 is output to the vertical signalline VL through the selection transistor SEL2. The capacitor C2 ischarged through the switch SW2 by the signal (pixel signal Sig2) whichis output from the vertical signal line VL.

Then, as shown in FIG. 13(B), the selection transistor SEL2 is turnedoff and the reset transistor RST2 is turned on at time T7 in the pixelR2, and thus the output of the pixel signal Sig2 to the vertical signalline VL is stopped. In the pixel signal holding unit 222, the switch SW2is turned off at time T7, and thus the holding of the pixel signal Sig2through the capacitor C2 is completed.

Subsequently, a holding operation of the pixel signal Sig3 of the pixelR3 in the capacitor C3 (charging operation of the capacitor C3) isstarted at time T8. In this case, as shown in FIG. 13(C), the selectiontransistor SEL3 is turned on and the reset transistor RST3 is turned offwithin the pixel R3 at time T8, and this state is continued until timeT10. In addition, as shown in FIG. 13(D), the switch SW3 connected tothe capacitor C3 within the weighting addition circuit 210 is turned onby the pixel signal holding unit 222 at time T8, and this state iscontinued until the time T10.

Then, as shown in FIG. 13(C), the transmission transistor TX3 within thepixel R3 is turned on during a period t at time T9 between the time T8and the time T10. Thus, a voltage signal is generated by electricalcharge, which is detected by a photodiode PD3 within the pixel R3, beingtransmitted to a floating diffusion FD3 through the transmissiontransistor TX3, and a signal obtained by amplifying the voltage signalusing the amplification transistor SF3 is output to the vertical signalline VL through the selection transistor SEL3. The capacitor C3 ischarged through the switch SW3 by the signal (pixel signal Sig3) whichis output from the vertical signal line VL.

Then, as shown in FIG. 13(C), the selection transistor SEL3 is turnedoff and the reset transistor RST3 is turned on at time T10 in the pixelR3, and thus the output of the pixel signal Sig3 to the vertical signalline VL is stopped. In the pixel signal holding unit 222, the switch SW3is turned off at time T10, and thus the holding of the pixel signal Sig3through the capacitor C3 is completed.

After the holding of the pixel signals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3 in thecapacitors C1, C2, and C3 is completed at time T10, the switch PGA_AZwithin the PGA 11 is turned off at time T11 as shown in FIG. 13(E), andthus an amplification operation of the pixel signals in the PGA 11 isstarted after the time T11.

Then, weighting addition is started at time T12. That is, as shown inFIG. 13(D), the switches SW1, SW2, and SW3 are simultaneously turned onby the pixel signal synthesis unit 223 at time T12, and this state iscontinued until time T13. Thus, the electrical charges charged into thecapacitors C1, C2, and C3 are added up, and the voltage signals (pixelsignals), which have been subjected to the weighting addition using theelectrical charges, are generated on the node Na.

Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 13(D), the switch SW4 is turned on by thepixel signal synthesis unit 223 at time T14, and the ON state of theswitch SW4 is continued until time T15. Thus, the voltage signals (pixelsignals having been subjected to weighting addition) which are generatedon the node Na are output toward the PGA 11.

For this reason, as shown in FIG. 13(D), the signal PGA_out (signalobtained by amplifying the pixel signal having been subjected toweighting addition) is output from the PGA 11 after the time T14. Thesignal PGA_out output from the PGA 11 is input to the ADC 212 (see FIG.19), and thus the signal level thereof is held in the node Vcm withinthe ADC 212, and the A/D conversion is performed on the signal held inthe node Vcm.

In addition, FIG. 14 is a timing diagram illustrating an operation in acase without weighting addition. As described above, it is also possibleto cause the weighting addition circuit 210 to operate as a circuitwithout weighting addition. When the weighting addition circuit 210operates as a circuit without weighting addition, the pixel signalholding unit 222 sets the switches SW1, SW2, and SW3 connected to therespective capacitors C1, C2, and C3 to be in an OFF state at all timesas shown in FIG. 14.

Then, the switch PGA_AZ within the PGA 11 is turned off at time T1, andan amplification operation of the pixel signal in the PGA 11 is startedafter the time T1. The pixel signal holding unit 222 turns on the switchSW4 during a period from the time T2 to the time T3 so that the pixelsignal (not shown) output from the vertical signal line VL is input tothe PGA 11 and the signal PGA_out obtained by amplifying the pixelsignal is output from the PGA 11.

In this manner, it is also possible to cause the weighting additioncircuit 210 to operate as a circuit without weighting addition.

Fifth Embodiment

In the weighting addition circuit 210 according to the fourth embodimentdescribed above, the respective capacitances of the capacitors C1, C2,and C3 are set to different values in accordance with the ratio betweenweighting values in order to perform weighting addition on the signalsSig1, Sig2, and Sig3. On the other hand, as a fifth embodiment of thepresent invention, a description will be given of an example in whichweighting addition is performed using capacitors having the samecapacitance.

FIGS. 15A and 15B are diagrams showing the configuration of a weightingaddition circuit 210A according to the fifth embodiment of the presentinvention. The weighting addition circuit 210A shown in FIG. 15A isdifferent from the weighting addition circuit 210 shown in FIG. 12 inthat capacitances of capacitors C1, C2, C2′, and C3 are set to the samevalue and two capacitors C2 and C2′ are connected to a switch SW2 inparallel. The other configurations are the same as those of theweighting addition circuit 210 shown in FIG. 12. For this reason, thecorresponding components are denoted by the same reference numerals andsigns, and thus a repeated description will be omitted here.

In this manner, two of the capacitors C2 and C2′ having the samecapacitance are connected to each other in parallel, and thus it ispossible to set the ratio between weighting values for pixel signalsSig1, Sig2, and Sig3 to “1:2:1” by using the capacitors C1, C2, C2′, andC3 having the same capacitance.

In addition, capacitor elements having the same capacitance may beformed without forming capacitor elements having different capacitanceson a solid-state image pickup apparatus (chip), and thus it is alsopossible to simplify a manufacturing process of the solid-state imagepickup apparatus.

FIG. 15A shows an example in which two of the capacitors C2 and C2′ areconnected to one switch SW2 in parallel. For example, as shown in FIG.15B, two of the capacitors C2 and C2′ may be formed independently, andmay be connected to a node Na using two switches SW2 and SW2′,respectively. When weighting addition is performed, two of the switchesSW2 and SW2′ are simultaneously turned on and turned off.

In this manner, it is also possible to set the ratio between weightingvalues for the pixel signals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3 to “1:2:1” by usingthe capacitors C1, C2, C2′, and C3 having the same capacitance.

With such a configuration, it is possible to perform averaging betweenthe pixel signals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3 by controlling, for example, theswitch SW2 to be in an OFF state at all times. In addition, as shown inFIG. 16A, a configuration may be adopted in which one end of the switchSW2′ connected to the capacitor C2′ is connected to a connection pointbetween the capacitor C2 and the switch SW1.

In addition, the number of capacitors connected to the respectiveswitches SW1, SW2, and SW3 can be arbitrarily set. For example, it ispossible to set the ratio between weighting values for the pixel signalsSig1, Sig2, and Sig3 to “1:2:3” by connecting one capacitor and theswitch SW1, connecting two capacitors and the switch SW2, and connectingthree capacitors and the switch SW3.

In addition, when a plurality of capacitors are connected to each of theswitches SW1, SW2, and SW3, each capacitor may be provided with aswitch. For example, as shown in FIG. 16B, when two of the capacitors C2and C2′ are connected to the switch SW2, the switch SW2′ is providedwith respect to the capacitor C2′. When three capacitors C3, C3′, andC3″ are connected to the switch SW3, switches SW3′ and SW3″ may beprovided with respect to the capacitors C3′ and C3″, respectively. Inthe example shown in FIG. 16B, it is possible to appropriately changethe ratio between weighting values by controlling the turn-on andturn-off of the switches SW2′, SW3′, and SW3″ provided in the respectivecapacitors C2′, C3′, and C3″.

In addition, the number of switches SW1, SW2, and SW3 is not limited tothree, and may be, for example, five or seven (basically, an oddnumber). It is possible to perform weighting addition at a desired ratioby setting the number of capacitors connected to the respectiveswitches. That is, in the weighting addition circuit 210A, a switch isprovided with respect to each of any number of capacitors, and thus itis possible to set any weighting with respect to any number of pixelsignals.

Sixth Embodiment

In the weighting addition circuit 210 according to the fourth embodimentdescribed above and the weighting addition circuit 210A according to thefifth embodiment described above, a description has been given of anexample in which the weighting addition circuit is connected to the nodeNa which is a signal connection point between the vertical signal lineVL and the PGA 11. However, the present invention is not limitedthereto, and the weighting addition circuit may be disposed on theoutput side of the PGA 11.

FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the configuration of a weighting additioncircuit 210B according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.The weighting addition circuit 210B shown in FIG. 17 has the sameconfiguration as that of the weighting addition circuit 210 shown inFIG. 12, and a difference is only in that the weighting addition circuit210B is connected to a node Nb on the output side of a PGA 11.

That is, in the weighting addition circuit 210 shown in FIG. 12,weighting addition is performed on signals output from the verticalsignal line VL. On the other hand, in the weighting addition circuit210B shown in FIG. 17, weighting addition is performed on an outputsignal PGA_out of the PGA 11. Meanwhile, the operation of the weightingaddition circuit 210B shown in FIG. 17 is the same as that of theweighting addition circuit 210 shown in FIG. 12, and thus a repeateddescription will be omitted here.

As described above, the embodiments of the present invention have beendescribed, but a correspondence relation between the present inventionand the embodiments will be supportively described.

In the above-described embodiments, a solid-state image pickup apparatusaccording to an aspect of the present invention corresponds to thesolid-state image pickup apparatus 201, and a light-receiving pixelaccording to an aspect of the present invention corresponds to the pixelPX shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. In addition, a synthesis unit according to anaspect of the present invention corresponds to the weighting additioncircuit 210, and an amplifier according to an aspect of the presentinvention corresponds to the PGA 11. In addition, a capacitive elementaccording to an aspect of the present invention corresponds to thecapacitors C1, C2, and C3, a first switch according to an aspect of thepresent invention corresponds to the switches SW1, SW2, and SW3, and asecond switch according to an aspect of the present inventioncorresponds to the switch SW4.

In addition, a pixel signal holding unit according to an aspect of thepresent invention corresponds to the pixel signal holding unit 222, theswitches SW1, SW2, and SW3 controlled by the pixel signal holding unit222, and the capacitors C1, C2, and C3 (collectively referred to as“pixel signal holding unit 222”).

In addition, the pixel signal synthesis unit according to an aspect ofthe present invention corresponds to the pixel signal synthesis unit223, the switches SW1, SW2, and SW3 controlled by the pixel signalsynthesis unit 223, and the capacitors C1, C2, and C3 (collectivelyreferred to as “pixel signal synthesis unit 223”).

(1) In the above-described embodiments, the solid-state image pickupapparatus 201 includes the vertical signal line VL that outputs pixelsignals of selected rows for each column among a plurality oflight-receiving pixels PX disposed in the form of a plurality ofmatrices, the weighting addition circuit 210 that temporarily holds thepixel signals output from the vertical signal line VL in units of thepredetermined number of pixel signals and synthesizes and outputs onepixel signal from the plurality of held pixel signals Sig1, Sig2, Sig3,and the PGA 11 that amplifies the synthesized pixel signals output fromthe weighting addition circuit 210.

In the solid-state image pickup apparatus 201 having such aconfiguration, the weighting addition circuit 210 is disposed betweenthe vertical signal line VL of the solid-state image pickup apparatus201 and the PGA 11 that amplifies the pixel signals. The weightingaddition circuit 210 temporarily holds the plurality of pixel signalsSig1, Sig2, and Sig3 that are sequentially output from the verticalsignal line VL, synthesizes one pixel signal from the plurality of heldpixel signals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3, and outputs the synthesized pixelsignal from the PGA 11.

Thus, when weighting addition is performed on the plurality of pixelsignals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3 output from the vertical signal line VL ofthe solid-state image pickup apparatus 201, it is possible to performthe weighting addition without including an error (error caused by noiseand a response lag) which occurs at the time of amplifying the pixelsignals using the PGA 11 and an error (a conversion error and aquantization error due to noise) which occurs at the time of performingA/D conversion on the pixel signals.

(2) In the above-described embodiments, the weighting addition circuit210 includes a plurality of capacitors C1, C2, and C3, which arecapacitive elements provided corresponding to a predetermined number ofpixel signals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3, which hold the respective pixelsignals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3, the pixel signal holding unit 222 thatholds pixel signals of a predetermined number of selected rows amonglight-receiving pixels PX disposed in a matrix by holding thepredetermined number of pixel signals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3 in therespective capacitors C1, C2, and C3, and the pixel signal synthesisunit 223 that synthesizes the respective pixel signals Sig1, Sig2, andSig3 held in the plurality of capacitors C1, C2, and C3 into one pixelsignal.

The solid-state image pickup apparatus 201 having such a configurationincludes the weighting addition circuit 210. The weighting additioncircuit 210 controls turn-on and turn-off of the switches SW1, SW2, andSW3 using the pixel signal holding unit 222 when each of the pixelsignals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3 is output from the vertical signal line VL,and holds the pixel signals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3 in the correspondingcapacitors C1, C2, and C3. After the pixel signals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3are held in the respective capacitors C1, C2, and C3, the switches SW1,SW2, and SW3 are collectively turned on by the pixel signal synthesisunit 223. Thus, the pixel signals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3 held in therespective plurality of capacitors C1, C2, and C3 are synthesized intoone pixel signal.

Thus, when weighting addition is performed on the plurality of pixelsignals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3 output from the vertical signal line VL ofthe solid-state image pickup apparatus 201, it is possible to performthe weighting addition on the pixel signals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3 byusing analog signals on an output point (node Na) of the vertical signalline VL by a simple method using the capacitors C1, C2, and C3. For thisreason, it is possible to perform the weighting addition withoutincluding an error occurring at the time of amplifying the pixel signalsusing the PGA 11 and an error occurring at the time of performing A/Dconversion on the pixel signals.

(3) In the above-described embodiments, the weighting addition circuit210 includes the plurality of capacitors C1, C2, and C3, which arecapacitors C1, C2, and C3 provided corresponding to a predeterminednumber of pixel signals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3, of which the capacitancesare set in accordance with the ratio between weighting values of thepixel signals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3. The pixel signal holding unit 222holds the pixel signals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3 by charging the capacitorsC1, C2, and C3 corresponding to the pixel signals. The pixel signalsynthesis unit 223 performs weighting addition on the plurality of pixelsignals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3 by redistributing the electrical chargesheld in the plurality of capacitors C1, C2, and C3 in the plurality ofcapacitors C1, C2, and C3 after all the pixel signals Sig1, Sig2, andSig3 are held by the capacitors C1, C2, and C3 corresponding to thepixel signals.

Thus, the capacitance of each of the capacitors C1, C2, and C3 is set toa desired value, and thus it is possible to set the ratio betweenweighting values for the pixel signals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3 to a desiredvalue.

(4) In the above-described embodiments, the weighting addition circuit210 includes the plurality of capacitors C1, C2, C2′, and C3 having thesame value of capacitance. The pixel signal holding unit 222 allocatesone or a plurality of capacitors among the plurality of capacitors C1,C2, C2′, and C3 with respect to the pixel signals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3in accordance with the ratio between weighting values of the pixelsignals, and holds the pixel signals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3 by chargingthe capacitors allocated to the pixel signals. The pixel signalsynthesis unit 223 performs weighting addition on the plurality of pixelsignals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3 by redistributing the electrical chargesheld in the plurality of capacitors C1, C2, C2′, and C3 in the pluralityof capacitors C1, C2, C2′, and C3 after all the pixel signals Sig1,Sig2, and Sig3 are held by the capacitors allocated to the pixelsignals.

As shown in FIGS. 15A and 15B, in the solid-state image pickup apparatus201 having such a configuration, the capacitances of the plurality ofcapacitors C1, C2, C2′, and C3 are set to the same value, and one or aplurality of capacitors, among the plurality of capacitors C1, C2, C2′,and C3, are allocated to the pixel signals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3 inaccordance with the ratio between weighting values of the pixel signalsSig1, Sig2, and Sig3. The pixel signals are held by charging one or aplurality of capacitors, which are allocated to the pixel signals, bythe pixel signals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3. Then, weighting addition isperformed on the pixel signals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3 by adding up theelectrical charges held in the capacitors C1, C2, C2′, and C3 in thecapacitors C1, C2, C2′, and C3 after the holding of the pixel signalsSig1, Sig2, and Sig3 using the capacitors is entirely completed.

Thus, it is possible to perform weighting addition on the pixel signalsSig1, Sig2, and Sig3 using the capacitors C1, C2, C2′, and C3 having thesame capacitance.

(5) In the above-described embodiments, the predetermined number ofpixel signals is the odd number of three or more (for example, three orfive) pixel signals of the same color.

Thus, it is possible to perform weighting addition on an odd number ofpixel signals, such as three or five pixel signals of the same color,using analog signals on an output point (node Na) of the vertical signalline VL.

(6) In the above-described embodiments, the ratio between weightingvalues for the predetermined number of pixel signals Sig1, Sig2, andSig3 is set in such a manner that the weighting value for the middlepixel signal among the plurality of pixel signals, which aresequentially held in the capacitors C1, C2, and C3, is the largestvalue.

Thus, it is possible to improve a dynamic range by emphasizing pixelinformation of the central pixel signal Sig2 and by performing weightingaddition on the pixel signals Sig1 and Sig2 in the vicinity of thecentral pixel signal.

(7) In the above-described embodiments, the weighting addition circuit210 includes the switches SW1, SW2, and SW3 that selectively connect thenode Na on the signal output side of the vertical signal line VL and theplurality of capacitors C1, C2, and C3. The pixel signal holding unit222 connects the capacitors corresponding to the pixel signals Sig1,Sig2, and Sig3 and the node Na using the switches SW1, SW2, and SW3 atthe time of holding the pixel signals, and charges the capacitors C1,C2, and C3 corresponding to the pixel signals, using the pixel signals.The pixel signal synthesis unit 223 collectively turns on the switchesSW1, SW2, and SW3, which connect the plurality of capacitors C1, C2, andC3 and the node Na, at the time of synthesizing the pixel signals Sig1,Sig2, and Sig3, and thus generates pixel signals having been subjectedto weighting addition on the node Na using the electrical chargescharged into the plurality of capacitors C1, C2, and C3.

In the solid-state image pickup apparatus 201 having such aconfiguration, the switch SW1 is turned on when the pixel signal Sig1 isoutput to the vertical signal line VL so that the capacitor C1 ischarged by the pixel signal Sig1, and thus the pixel signal Sig1 is heldin the capacitor C1. In addition, the switch SW2 is turned on when thepixel signal Sig2 is output to the vertical signal line VL so that thecapacitor C2 is charged by the pixel signal Sig2, and thus the pixelsignal Sig2 is held in the capacitor C2. In addition, the switch SW3 isturned on when the pixel signal Sig3 is output to the vertical signalline VL so that the capacitor C3 is charged by the pixel signal Sig3,and thus the pixel signal Sig3 is held in the capacitor C3. After thepixel signals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3 are held in the respective capacitorsC1, C2, and C3, the switches SW1, SW2, and SW3 connecting the capacitorsC1, C2, and C3 and the node Na are collectively turned on, and thuspixel signals having been subjected to weighting addition are generatedon the node Na using the electrical charges charged into the capacitorsC1, C2, and C3.

Accordingly, the turn-on and turn-off of the switches SW1, SW2, and SW3are controlled, and thus it is possible to hold the pixel signals Sig1,Sig2, and Sig3 output from the vertical signal line VL in the capacitorsC1, C2, and C3 corresponding to the pixel signals. In addition, theturn-on and turn-off of the switches SW1, SW2, and SW3 are controlled,and thus it is possible to add up the electrical charges charged in thecapacitors C1, C2, and C3 and to generate pixel signals having beensubjected to weighting addition on the node Na.

(8) In the above-described embodiments, the weighting addition circuit210 includes switch SW4 that selectively connects the node Na and thePGA 11. The pixel signal holding unit 222 turns on the switches SW1,SW2, and SW3 corresponding to the predetermined number of pixel signalsSig1, Sig2, and Sig3 when the pixel signals are output from the verticalsignal line VL, and charges the capacitors C1, C2, and C3 correspondingto the pixel signals, using the pixel signals. The pixel signalsynthesis unit 223 collectively turns on the switches SW1, SW2, and SW3,which connect the plurality of capacitors C1, C2, and C3 and the nodeNa, after the charge of the capacitors C1, C2, and C3 using thepredetermined number of pixel signals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3 is entirelycompleted so that pixel signals having been subjected to weightingaddition are generated on the node Na using the electrical chargescharged into the plurality of capacitors C1, C2, and C3, and turns onthe switch SW4 connecting the node Na and the PGA 11 after the pixelsignals having been subjected to weighting addition are generated on thenode Na so that the pixel signals having been subjected to weightingaddition are output toward the PGA 11.

In the solid-state image pickup apparatus 201 having such aconfiguration, when the plurality of pixel signals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3are output from the vertical signal line VL, switches corresponding tothe pixel signals are turned on, and thus the capacitors correspondingto the pixel signals are charged using the pixel signals. After thecharge of the capacitors C1, C2, and C3 using the plurality of pixelsignals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3 is entirely completed, the switches SW1,SW2, and SW3 are collectively turned on, and thus the electrical chargescharged into the capacitors C1, C2, and C3 are added up (moreaccurately, the electrical charges are redistributed on the capacitorsC1, C2, and C3), thereby generating pixel signals having been subjectedto weighting addition on the node Na. After the pixel signals havingbeen subjected to weighting addition are generated on the node Na, theswitch SW4 connecting the node Na and the PGA 11 is turned on, and thusthe pixel signals having been subjected to weighting addition are outputtoward the PGA 11.

Thus, after weighting addition is performed on the plurality of pixelsignals Sig1, Sig2, and Sig3, which are output from the vertical signalline VL of the solid-state image pickup apparatus 201, on an outputpoint (node Na) of the vertical signal line VL, it is possible to outputthe pixel signals having been subjected to weighting addition toward thePGA 11. For this reason, when the weighting addition circuit 210performs a weighting addition process, the circuit is not influenced bythe PGA 11. In addition, it is possible to prevent unnecessary signalsfrom being output from the PGA 11 during the weighting addition process.

As described above, the embodiments of the present invention have beendescribed. However, a solid-state image pickup apparatus of the presentinvention is not limited to only the above-described examples shown inthe drawings, and various modifications can be made without departingfrom the scope of the invention. The requirements of the above-describedembodiments can be appropriately combined. In addition, some componentsmay not be used.

DESCRIPTION OF THE REFERENCE SYMBOLS

-   -   1, 201 Solid-state image pickup apparatus    -   2 Pixel unit    -   3 Vertical scanning circuit    -   4 Horizontal scanning circuit    -   11 PGA    -   12, 212 ADC (A/D conversion circuit)    -   21 Control unit    -   22 Coarse conversion control unit    -   23 Fine conversion control unit    -   24 Counter    -   C1 to C8 Capacitor    -   C10, C11, C12 Capacitor    -   CP1 Comparator    -   PX, R1, R2, R3 Pixel    -   S1 a, S4 b to S8 a, S8 b, SX Switch    -   S9, S10, S11, S12, S13 Switch    -   Sig1, Sig2, Sig3 Pixel signal    -   Vcm, Na Node    -   210, 210A, 210B Weighting addition circuit    -   220 Weighting addition control unit    -   221 Pixel signal holding unit    -   222 Pixel signal synthesis unit

The invention claimed is:
 1. An image sensor comprising: a first pixelthat generates a first signal by an electric charge converted throughphotoelectric conversion; a second pixel that is in a different positionfrom the first pixel and generates a second signal by an electric chargeconverted through photoelectric conversion; a signal line that isconnected to the first pixel and the second pixel and outputs the firstsignal generated by the first pixel and the second signal generated bythe second pixel; a signal processing portion that generates a thirdsignal by adding the first signal output to the signal line from thefirst pixel and the second signal output to the signal line from thesecond pixel; and a comparator that compares the third signal generatedby the signal processing portion with a reference signal.
 2. The imagesensor according to claim 1, wherein the signal processing portion has afirst holding portion which holds the first signal and a second holdingportion which holds the second signal, and the third signal is generatedby the first signal held by the first holding portion and the secondsignal held by the second holding portion.
 3. The image sensor accordingto claim 2, wherein a capacitance of the first holding portion isdifferent from a capacitance of the second holding portion.
 4. The imagesensor according to claim 2, further comprising: a third pixel thatgenerates a fourth signal by an electric charge converted throughphotoelectric conversion, wherein the signal line outputs the fourthsignal generated by the third pixel, the signal processing portion has athird holding portion which holds the fourth signal output to the signalline from the third pixel, and the third signal is generated by thefirst signal held by the first holding portion, the second signal heldby the second holding portion, and the fourth signal held by the thirdholding portion.
 5. The image sensor according to claim 1, furthercomprising: an amplifying portion that amplifies the first signal outputto the signal line from the first pixel and the second signal output tothe signal line from the second pixel, wherein the signal processingportion is disposed between the amplifying portion and the comparator,and the third signal is generated by the first signal amplified by theamplifying portion and the second signal amplified by the amplifyingportion.
 6. An image sensor comprising: a first pixel that generates afirst signal by an electric charge converted through photoelectricconversion; a second pixel that is in a different position from thefirst pixel and generates a second signal by an electric chargeconverted through photoelectric conversion; a signal line that isconnected to the first pixel and the second pixel and outputs the firstsignal generated by the first pixel and the second signal generated bythe second pixel; a signal processing portion that generates a thirdsignal by adding the first signal output to the signal line from thefirst pixel and the second signal output to the signal line from thesecond pixel; and an amplifying portion that amplifies the third signalgenerated by the signal processing portion.
 7. The image sensoraccording to claim 6, wherein the signal processing portion has a firstholding portion which holds the first signal and a second holdingportion which holds the second signal, and the third signal is generatedby the first signal held by the first holding portion and the secondsignal held by the second holding portion.
 8. The image sensor accordingto claim 7, wherein a capacitance of the first holding portion isdifferent from a capacitance of the second holding portion.
 9. The imagesensor according to claim 6, further comprising: a converting portionthat converts the third signal amplified by the amplifying portion intoa digital signal.
 10. The image sensor according to claim 7, furthercomprising: a third pixel that generates a fourth signal by an electriccharge converted through photoelectric conversion, wherein the signalline outputs the fourth signal generated by the third pixel, the signalprocessing portion has a third holding portion which holds the fourthsignal output to the signal line from the third pixel, and the thirdsignal is generated by the first signal held by the first holdingportion, the second signal held by the second holding portion, and thefourth signal held by the third holding portion.
 11. The image sensoraccording to claim 1, wherein the first pixel has a first photoelectricconverting portion that converts a light into an electrical charge, andwherein the second pixel has a second photoelectric converting portionthat is different from the first photoelectric converting portion andconverts a light into an electrical charge.
 12. The image sensoraccording to claim 2, wherein the first holding portion has a firstcapacitive element that holds the first signal output to the signal linefrom the first pixel, and wherein the second holding portion has asecond capacitive element that is different from the first capacitiveelement and holds the second signal output to the signal line from thesecond pixel.
 13. The image sensor according to claim 4, wherein thefirst holding portion has a first capacitive element that holds thefirst signal output to the signal line from the first pixel, wherein thesecond holding portion has a second capacitive element that is differentfrom the first capacitive element and holds the second signal output tothe signal line from the second pixel, wherein the third holding portionhas a third capacitive element that is different from the firstcapacitive element and the second capacitive element and holds thefourth signal output to the signal line from the third pixel, andwherein the third signal is generated by the first signal held by thefirst capacitive element, the second signal held by the secondcapacitive element, and the fourth signal held by the third capacitiveelement.
 14. The image sensor according to claim 13, wherein the secondpixel is disposed between the first pixel and the third pixel in thesignal line, and wherein a capacitance of the second capacitive elementis different from a capacitance of the first capacitive element and acapacitance of the third capacitive element.
 15. The image sensoraccording to claim 1, wherein the comparator configures a convertingportion that converts the third signal to a digital signal.
 16. Theimage sensor according to claim 6, wherein the first pixel has a firstphotoelectric converting portion that converts a light into anelectrical charge, and wherein the second pixel has a secondphotoelectric converting portion that is different from the firstphotoelectric converting portion and converts a light into an electricalcharge.
 17. The image sensor according to claim 7, wherein the firstholding portion has a first capacitive element that holds the firstsignal output to the signal line from the first pixel, and wherein thesecond holding portion has a second capacitive element that is differentfrom the first capacitive element and holds the second signal output tothe signal line from the second pixel.
 18. The image sensor according toclaim 10, wherein the first holding portion has a first capacitiveelement that holds the first signal output to the signal line from thefirst pixel, wherein the second holding portion has a second capacitiveelement that is different from the first capacitive element and holdsthe second signal output to the signal line from the second pixel,wherein the third holding portion has a third capacitive element that isdifferent from the first capacitive element and the second capacitiveelement and holds the fourth signal output to the signal line from thethird pixel, and wherein the third signal is generated by the firstsignal held by the first capacitive element, the second signal held bythe second capacitive element, and the fourth signal held by the thirdcapacitive element.
 19. The image sensor according to claim 18, whereinthe second pixel is disposed between the first pixel and the third pixelin the signal line, and wherein a capacitance of the second capacitiveelement is different from a capacitance of the first capacitive elementand a capacitance of the third capacitive element.
 20. The image sensoraccording to claim 9, wherein the converting portion has a comparatorthat compares the third signal with a reference signal.
 21. An imagesensor comprising: a first photoelectric converting portion thatconverts a light into an electrical charge; a second photoelectricconverting portion that is in a different position from the firstphotoelectric converting portion and converts a light to an electricalcharge; a signal line that outputs a first signal generated by theelectrical charge converted by the first photoelectric convertingportion and a second signal generated by the electrical charge convertedby the second photoelectric converting portion; a signal processingportion that generates a third signal by adding the first signal outputto the signal line and the second signal output to the signal line; anda comparator that converts the third signal generated by the signalprocessing portion into a digital signal.
 22. The image sensor accordingto claim 21, wherein the signal processing portion has a holding portionthat holds the first signal output to the signal line and the secondsignal output to the signal line, and wherein the third signal isgenerated by the first signal held by the holding portion and the secondsignal held by the holding portion.
 23. The image sensor according toclaim 22, wherein the holding portion has a first capacitive elementthat holds the first signal output to the signal line and a secondcapacitive element that is different from the first capacitive elementand holds the second signal output to the signal line, and wherein thethird signal is generated by the first signal held by the firstcapacitive element and the second signal held by the second capacitiveelement.
 24. The image sensor according to claim 23, wherein the signalprocessing portion has a first connecting portion that connects betweenthe signal line and the first capacitive element to cause the firstcapacitive element to hold the first signal, a second connecting portionthat is different from the first connecting portion and connects betweenthe signal line and the second capacitive element to cause the secondcapacitive element to hold the second signal, and a third connectingportion that connects the first capacitive element, the secondcapacitive element and the comparator to input the third signal to thecomparator.
 25. The image sensor according to claim 23, wherein acapacitance of the first capacitive element is different from acapacitance of the second capacitive element.
 26. An image sensorcomprising: a first photoelectric converting portion that converts alight into an electrical charge; a second photoelectric convertingportion that is in a different position from the first photoelectricconverting portion and converts a light to an electrical charge; asignal line that outputs a first signal generated by the electricalcharge converted by the first photoelectric converting portion and asecond signal generated by the electrical charge converted by the secondphotoelectric converting portion; a signal processing portion thatgenerates a third signal by adding the first signal output to the signalline and the second signal output to the signal line; and an amplifyingportion that amplifies the third signal generated by the signalprocessing portion.
 27. The image sensor according to claim 26, whereinthe signal processing portion has a holding portion that holds the firstsignal output to the signal line and the second signal output to thesignal line, and wherein the third signal is generated by the firstsignal held by the holding portion and the second signal held by theholding portion.
 28. The image sensor according to claim 27, wherein theholding portion has a first capacitive element that holds the firstsignal output to the signal line and a second capacitive element that isdifferent from the first capacitive element and holds the second signaloutput to the signal line, and wherein the third signal is generated bythe first signal held by the first capacitive element and the secondsignal held by the second capacitive element.
 29. The image sensoraccording to claim 28, wherein the signal processing portion has a firstconnecting portion that connects between the signal line and the firstcapacitive element to cause the first capacitive element to hold thefirst signal, a second connecting portion that is different from thefirst connecting portion and connects between the signal line and thesecond capacitive element to cause the second capacitive element to holdthe second signal, and a third connecting portion that connects thefirst capacitive element, the second capacitive element and theamplifying portion to input the third signal to the amplifying portion.30. The image sensor according to claim 28, wherein a capacitance of thefirst capacitive element is different from a capacitance of the secondcapacitive element.
 31. An image sensor comprising: a firstphotoelectric converting portion that converts a light into anelectrical charge; a second photoelectric converting portion that is ina different position from the first photoelectric converting portion andconverts a light to an electrical charge; a third photoelectricconverting portion that is in a different position from the firstphotoelectric converting portion and the second photoelectric convertingportion and converts a light to an electrical charge; a signal line thatoutputs a first signal generated by the electrical charge converted bythe first photoelectric converting portion, a second signal generated bythe electrical charge converted by the second photoelectric convertingportion, and a third signal generated by the electrical charge convertedby the third photoelectric converting portion; a signal processingcircuit that generates a fourth signal by adding the first signal outputto the signal line, the second signal output to the signal line, and thethird signal output to the signal line; and a comparator that convertsthe fourth signal generated by the signal processing portion into adigital signal.
 32. The image sensor according to claim 31, wherein thesignal processing portion has a holding portion that holds the firstsignal output to the signal line, the second signal output to the signalline, and the third signal output to the signal line, and wherein thefourth signal is generated by the first signal held by the holdingportion, the second signal held by the holding portion, and the thirdsignal held by the holding portion.
 33. The image sensor according toclaim 32, wherein the holding portion has a first capacitive elementthat holds the first signal output to the signal line, a secondcapacitive element that is different from the first capacitive elementand holds the second signal output to the signal line, and a thirdcapacitive element that is different from the first capacitive elementand the second capacitive element and holds the third signal output tothe signal line, and wherein the fourth signal is generated by the firstsignal held by the first capacitive element, the second signal held bythe second capacitive element, and the third signal held by the thirdcapacitive element.
 34. The image sensor according to claim 33, whereinthe signal processing portion has a first connecting portion thatconnects between the signal line and the first capacitive element tocause the first capacitive element to hold the first signal, a secondconnecting portion that is different from the first connecting portionand connects between the signal line and the second capacitive elementto cause the second capacitive element to hold the second signal, athird connecting portion that is different from the first connectingportion and the second connecting portion and connects between thesignal line and the third capacitive element to cause the thirdcapacitive element to hold the third signal, and a fourth connectingportion that connects the first capacitive element, the secondcapacitive element, the third capacitive element and the comparator toinput the fourth signal to the comparator.
 35. The image sensoraccording to claim 33, wherein the second photoelectric convertingportion is disposed between the first photoelectric converting portionand the third photoelectric converting portion in the signal line, andwherein a capacitance of the second capacitive element is different froma capacitance of the first capacitive element and a capacitance of thethird capacitive element.
 36. The image sensor according to claim 1,wherein the first and second pixels are not adjacent pixels.